<p>Forming the failure mechanism of “strong column and weak beam” in prestressed concrete (PC) frame structures designed with a response modification factor (<i>R</i> ≈ 3.0) as implied in China’s current seismic design code poses a challenge. Due to the absence of a scientifically standardized method for calculating the values of <i>R</i>, the values of <i>R</i> stipulated in various regional codes are typically determined based on engineering experience, resulting in notable discrepancies. This study employs static pushover analysis and nonlinear time history analysis methods to investigate the seismic performance of PC frame with varying floor configurations and prestressing ratios. Based on the analytical results, the <i>R</i>-values of PC frame structures are evaluated using the capacity-demand ratios method. The results reveal that the occurrence of plastic hinges in PC frame columns is delayed, while in PC frame beams, it is advanced as the prestressing ratio increases. The maximum inter-story drift of PC frame structures complies with the specification limit with the increase of prestressing ratio. The capacity (critical collapse state) and demand (rare earthquakes) value of <i>R</i> is distributed in 16.1–34.9 and 5.3–7.8, respectively. The value is exceeding China’s standard requirements by more than double. The values of capacity-demand ratios are distributed between 1.8 and 4.4, indicating ample safety reserves within PC structures. The limit value of prestressing ratios is recommended to increase to 0.85.</p>