<p>Hypoxic conditioning (HC) is a novel approach that employs intermittent hypoxia for health and wellness purposes, fundamentally differing from the well-known method of hypoxic training (HT). We compared the effects of various modes of HC and HT on the neurological and antioxidant status and the function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenocortical axis and thyroid systems in rats. It was found that HC had a more beneficial effect on the nervous system, which was accompanied by a transient decrease in antioxidant activity in the hippocampus and an increase in blood glucocorticoid levels on the first day. HT inhibited the thyroid function, while conditioning regimens produced a less pronounced effect.</p>