<p>Aluminum ions are an immunostimulating agent and a promoter of the production of ROS that play a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. The severity of morphological signs of neurodegeneration caused by chronic intake of AlCl₃ aqueous solution (100 mg/kg, 60 days) and mRNA expression of genes encoding the neuroprotective factor BDNF and the antioxidant enzyme GPX4 were compared in adult and aged male Wistar rats. In comparison with the adult control rats, aged animals showed a more pronounced immunohistochemical reaction with antibodies to tau protein (pTau) in the entorhinal and temporal cortex. In adult animals of the experimental group, a significant increase in the aluminum level in the hippocampus and temporal cortex was observed, which was accompanied by enhanced <i>Gpx4</i> mRNA expression. In aged rats of the experimental group, no significant accumulation of aluminum in the brain was observed in comparison with the corresponding control, while the expression of <i>Bdnf</i> and <i>Gpx4</i> was markedly reduced and the content of intracellular amyloid fibrils and pTau⁺ inclusions in neurons, mainly localized in the entorhinal and temporal regions, was higher. The obtained data complement previous studies and confirm the high relevance of this model for further study of the mechanisms of initiation and progression of neurodegenerative processes in humans.</p>