<p>Adorno, centring on the concept of ‘non-identity,’ critiques the transformation of Enlightenment rationality into instrumental rationality, which has established a hegemony of identity over nature, society, and the individual. He reveals the cultural industry as its contemporary incarnation, which eliminates cultural heterogeneity through standardized production and shapes a compliant consciousness. This paper focuses on Adorno’s core thesis that true art, through its spirituality, autonomy, and negativity, constitutes an ‘enclave’ resisting identity. It exposes social contradictions through non-identity aesthetic forms (such as fragmentation and paradox) and stimulates the subject’s critical rationality. Crucially, art reconfigures the relationship between concepts and objects through a ‘constellation’ model, safeguarding cultural diversity and offering redemption for transcending alienation. Building on a systematic exposition of Adorno’s critique of the dialectic of enlightenment, the cultural industry, and the function of art, this paper also addresses the criticisms directed at his theory (such as its neglect of popular agency) and explores the implications and challenges of his principle of non-identity in contemporary cultural contexts such as algorithmic recommendation and AI art.</p>