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<p>In this paper we explore a unified cosmological framework combining variable generalized Chaplygin gas (VGCG) and gravitationally–induced adiabatic matter creation cosmology within the context of <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$f(Q)$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> gravity. Theoretical and statistical analyses are performed with two functional forms, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$f(Q)=n_{1} Q^{k}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>Q</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <msup> <mi>Q</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$f(Q)=n_{0}+n_{1}Q^{k}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$n_{0}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>n</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$n_{1}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>k</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$k$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are dimensionless free parameters. Using the latest observational data sets we perform a robust statistical analysis to constrain the model’s parameters. A statistical comparison, including goodness-of-fit with standard <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Lambda $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>CDM model is performed. The results show that the Bayesian inference favors the complex models while the model selection criterion, like Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) favor the simpler <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Lambda $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>CDM model. The results also show a smooth transition from deceleration to acceleration around the redshift <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>z</mi> <mo>≈</mo> <mn>0.6</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$z \approx 0.6$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with effective equation of state parameter remains in the quintessence regime. The present value of Hubble parameter align closely with Planck 2018 measurements.</p>

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Exploring \(f(Q)\) gravity through variable generalized Chaplygin gas and matter creation cosmology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Yogesh Bhardwaj,
  • C. P. Singh

摘要

In this paper we explore a unified cosmological framework combining variable generalized Chaplygin gas (VGCG) and gravitationally–induced adiabatic matter creation cosmology within the context of f ( Q ) $f(Q)$ gravity. Theoretical and statistical analyses are performed with two functional forms, f ( Q ) = n 1 Q k $f(Q)=n_{1} Q^{k}$ and f ( Q ) = n 0 + n 1 Q k $f(Q)=n_{0}+n_{1}Q^{k}$ , where n 0 $n_{0}$ , n 1 $n_{1}$ and k $k$ are dimensionless free parameters. Using the latest observational data sets we perform a robust statistical analysis to constrain the model’s parameters. A statistical comparison, including goodness-of-fit with standard Λ $\Lambda $ CDM model is performed. The results show that the Bayesian inference favors the complex models while the model selection criterion, like Akaike information criteria (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC) favor the simpler Λ $\Lambda $ CDM model. The results also show a smooth transition from deceleration to acceleration around the redshift z ≈ 0.6 $z \approx 0.6$ with effective equation of state parameter remains in the quintessence regime. The present value of Hubble parameter align closely with Planck 2018 measurements.