Orientations toward Interpersonal Arguing in Ukraine, Across Three War Conditions
摘要
This is a natural experiment comparing Ukrainians’ orientations toward interpersonal arguing under three distinct conditions of war. We compare results of parallel data collections from 2018 (after the Crimea seizure but before the current invasion), 2021 (immediately prior to the Russian invasion), and 2024 (during the war). Analyses showed that as war conditions became more intense, Ukrainians self-reported more favorable attitudes and understandings about engaging in face-to-face arguing. We discuss the difficulties of drawing clear causal conclusions from natural experiments such as the present one, versus true experiments with their stringent controls for competing causal confounds. We speculate that our results regarding war might suggest the effects we might expect from other conditions of high social stress, such as natural disasters or civil unrest.