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<p>The effects of temperature (16–28 ℃) and salinity (15–35 psu) on the growth, survival, gonadal development, and physiological parameters (clearance rate, oxygen consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate) of adult diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Pacific oyster (<i>Crassostrea gigas</i>) were investigated. Temperature significantly influenced shell height growth and cumulative survival rate across all ploidies. The highest shell height growth for diploids and triploids was observed at 28 ℃, while for tetraploids, the maximum occurred at 24 ℃. Cumulative survival rates for all ploidies decreased with increasing temperature, with the lowest values recorded at 28 ℃ (diploids: 27.33%, triploids: 36.67%, tetraploids: 16.67%). Salinity also had a significant effect on growth. Shell height growth for all ploidies increased with salinity from 15 to 25 psu, stabilizing between 25 and 35 psu, with maximum growth for all ploidies at salinity 30 psu. At salinity 15 psu, cumulative survival rates were lowest for all ploidies (diploids: 38.67%, triploids: 28.00%, tetraploids: 18.67%). Gonadal development was slower in tetraploids than in diploids. As temperature increased from 16 to 24&#xa0;°C, development accelerated in both ploidies. The proportion of diploids reaching the mature stage increased from 13.33 to 56.67%, whereas that of tetraploids only increased from 0 to 16.67%. In triploids, female α individuals (with active gametogenesis) were observed only at 24 ℃ and 28 ℃. Clearance rate, oxygen consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate for all ploidies increased with temperature. At 28&#xa0;°C, the clearance rate of tetraploids was significantly lower than that of diploids and triploids. Clearance rates also increased with salinity from 15 to 30 psu. At salinity 15 psu, the clearance rate of diploids was significantly higher than that of triploids and tetraploids. No significant differences in oxygen consumption rate or ammonia excretion rate were detected among ploidies across the experimental ranges. The results indicate that triploids generally exhibit superior growth and survival, while tetraploids show the poorest performance, particularly under high temperature and low salinity stress.</p>

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Examination of growth, survival, physiological parameters, and gonad development in Pacific oysters of different ploidy under varying temperature and salinity levels

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Geng Cheng,
  • Hong Hu,
  • Yuanxin Liang,
  • Chengxun Xu,
  • Qi Li

摘要

The effects of temperature (16–28 ℃) and salinity (15–35 psu) on the growth, survival, gonadal development, and physiological parameters (clearance rate, oxygen consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate) of adult diploid, triploid, and tetraploid Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) were investigated. Temperature significantly influenced shell height growth and cumulative survival rate across all ploidies. The highest shell height growth for diploids and triploids was observed at 28 ℃, while for tetraploids, the maximum occurred at 24 ℃. Cumulative survival rates for all ploidies decreased with increasing temperature, with the lowest values recorded at 28 ℃ (diploids: 27.33%, triploids: 36.67%, tetraploids: 16.67%). Salinity also had a significant effect on growth. Shell height growth for all ploidies increased with salinity from 15 to 25 psu, stabilizing between 25 and 35 psu, with maximum growth for all ploidies at salinity 30 psu. At salinity 15 psu, cumulative survival rates were lowest for all ploidies (diploids: 38.67%, triploids: 28.00%, tetraploids: 18.67%). Gonadal development was slower in tetraploids than in diploids. As temperature increased from 16 to 24 °C, development accelerated in both ploidies. The proportion of diploids reaching the mature stage increased from 13.33 to 56.67%, whereas that of tetraploids only increased from 0 to 16.67%. In triploids, female α individuals (with active gametogenesis) were observed only at 24 ℃ and 28 ℃. Clearance rate, oxygen consumption rate, and ammonia excretion rate for all ploidies increased with temperature. At 28 °C, the clearance rate of tetraploids was significantly lower than that of diploids and triploids. Clearance rates also increased with salinity from 15 to 30 psu. At salinity 15 psu, the clearance rate of diploids was significantly higher than that of triploids and tetraploids. No significant differences in oxygen consumption rate or ammonia excretion rate were detected among ploidies across the experimental ranges. The results indicate that triploids generally exhibit superior growth and survival, while tetraploids show the poorest performance, particularly under high temperature and low salinity stress.