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<p>The giant freshwater prawn (<i>Macrobrachium rosenbergii</i>) is a cornerstone species in Bangladesh, playing a pivotal role in national aquaculture production, export revenue generation, and food security. However, limited understanding of environment- and captivity-driven morphological variation constrains effective broodstock management and sustainable aquaculture development. To address this, this study employed landmark-based geometric morphometrics to evaluate carapace shape variation among wild and captive populations of <i>M. rosenbergii</i> collected from southeastern (Karnaphuli River), south-central (Lower Meghna River), southwestern (Shibsa and Bishkhali rivers), and central floodplain wetland (Mithamoin Haor) ecosystems of Bangladesh. Two captive populations derived from wild and hatchery-produced post-larvae were also included. A total of 355 individuals were collected, of which 348 (177 males and 171 females) were retained following image quality screening. Multivariate analyses revealed significant but moderate sexual dimorphism in carapace shape (MANOVA, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), with females characterized by a relatively protruded rostrum, narrower posterior margin, and more compact carapace morphology. Habitat-based analyses demonstrated significant population differentiation in both sexes, with the first two multivariate axes accounting for 71.74% and 77.55% of total variation in females and males, respectively. Pairwise Procrustes and Mahalanobis distances, supported by permutation tests, indicated significant shape divergence among most populations. Individuals from the Mithamoin Haor exhibited broader and more dorsoventrally expanded carapaces, whereas southeastern and south-central river populations showed relatively streamlined morphologies, and southwestern populations displayed deeper carapace profiles. Discriminant function analysis yielded classification accuracies ranging from 82.14 to 100%, indicating substantial morphological differentiation among habitats. Comparisons between riverine and captive populations also revealed significant shape divergence, with the first two multivariate axes explaining 85.76% and 79.83% of total variation in females and males, respectively. Captive populations exhibited reduced morphological variability and relatively compact carapace forms compared with wild populations, while DFA classification accuracies ranged from 92.31 to 100%. Collectively, these findings indicate that environmental conditions and captive rearing are associated with phenotypic divergence in <i>M. rosenbergii</i> and underscore the value of wild morphological diversity for broodstock management, selective breeding, and sustainable aquaculture development.</p>

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Environmental and captivity-driven carapace shape variation in the giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii): implications for aquaculture and broodstock management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Israt Jahan,
  • Afshana Ferdous,
  • Md. Azharul Haque Shakil,
  • Md Yeaminur Rahman,
  • Abdullah-al Mamun,
  • A. K. Shakur Ahammad,
  • Md Moshiur Rahman,
  • Md Asaduzzaman

摘要

The giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is a cornerstone species in Bangladesh, playing a pivotal role in national aquaculture production, export revenue generation, and food security. However, limited understanding of environment- and captivity-driven morphological variation constrains effective broodstock management and sustainable aquaculture development. To address this, this study employed landmark-based geometric morphometrics to evaluate carapace shape variation among wild and captive populations of M. rosenbergii collected from southeastern (Karnaphuli River), south-central (Lower Meghna River), southwestern (Shibsa and Bishkhali rivers), and central floodplain wetland (Mithamoin Haor) ecosystems of Bangladesh. Two captive populations derived from wild and hatchery-produced post-larvae were also included. A total of 355 individuals were collected, of which 348 (177 males and 171 females) were retained following image quality screening. Multivariate analyses revealed significant but moderate sexual dimorphism in carapace shape (MANOVA, p < 0.001), with females characterized by a relatively protruded rostrum, narrower posterior margin, and more compact carapace morphology. Habitat-based analyses demonstrated significant population differentiation in both sexes, with the first two multivariate axes accounting for 71.74% and 77.55% of total variation in females and males, respectively. Pairwise Procrustes and Mahalanobis distances, supported by permutation tests, indicated significant shape divergence among most populations. Individuals from the Mithamoin Haor exhibited broader and more dorsoventrally expanded carapaces, whereas southeastern and south-central river populations showed relatively streamlined morphologies, and southwestern populations displayed deeper carapace profiles. Discriminant function analysis yielded classification accuracies ranging from 82.14 to 100%, indicating substantial morphological differentiation among habitats. Comparisons between riverine and captive populations also revealed significant shape divergence, with the first two multivariate axes explaining 85.76% and 79.83% of total variation in females and males, respectively. Captive populations exhibited reduced morphological variability and relatively compact carapace forms compared with wild populations, while DFA classification accuracies ranged from 92.31 to 100%. Collectively, these findings indicate that environmental conditions and captive rearing are associated with phenotypic divergence in M. rosenbergii and underscore the value of wild morphological diversity for broodstock management, selective breeding, and sustainable aquaculture development.