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<p>The expansion of aquaculture has generated large volumes of nutrient-rich effluents, presenting an environmental challenge. This study investigated the cultivation of the cyanobacterium <i>Limnospira</i> (= <i>Arthrospira</i>) <i>platensis</i> for the bioremediation of effluent from a tilapia recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and the production of functional biomass. Cultures were carried out in effluent supplemented with Zarrouk’s medium at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, and growth, biomass production, nutrient removal, and biochemical composition were assessed. <i>L. platensis</i> grew under all conditions, showing the highest growth rate (<i>r</i> = 0.62&#xa0;day⁻<sup>1</sup>) and the shortest doubling time (<i>DT</i> = 1.12&#xa0;days) in unsupplemented effluent, although biomass concentration was lower (<i>X</i><sub><i>max</i></sub> = 0.76&#xa0;g L⁻<sup>1</sup>). Zarrouk’s supplementation increased biomass concentration (<i>X</i><sub><i>max</i></sub> = 0.84–0.95&#xa0;g L⁻<sup>1</sup>). Nitrogen and phosphorus were completely removed during cultivation without supplementation, whereas the addition of Zarrouk’s medium led to residual nitrate and phosphate. Higher effluent proportions increased lipid (up to 15% dry weight), carbohydrate (up to 27% dry weight), and carotenoid contents (up to 1.8&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>), while higher Zarrouk’s proportions favored protein (up to 60% dry weight), phycocyanin (up to 13.0&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>), and chlorophyll-a accumulation (up to 4.0&#xa0;mg&#xa0;g⁻<sup>1</sup>). Biomass produced under high-effluent conditions exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity (78% DPPH• radical scavenging activity), which represents a key novel finding of this study. This approach demonstrates the potential of <i>L. platensis</i> for aquaculture effluent bioremediation, simultaneously producing value-added biomass suitable for application in aquafeeds or as a biofertilizer.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Use of tilapia RAS effluent for the cultivation of Limnospira platensis: an integrated approach to bioremediation and antioxidant biomass production

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Géssica Cavalcanti Pereira Mota,
  • Laenne Barbara Silva de Moraes,
  • Agatha Catharina Limeira,
  • Yllana Ferreira Marinho,
  • Ranilson de Souza Bezerra,
  • Alfredo Olivera Gálvez

摘要

The expansion of aquaculture has generated large volumes of nutrient-rich effluents, presenting an environmental challenge. This study investigated the cultivation of the cyanobacterium Limnospira (= Arthrospira) platensis for the bioremediation of effluent from a tilapia recirculating aquaculture system (RAS) and the production of functional biomass. Cultures were carried out in effluent supplemented with Zarrouk’s medium at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%, and growth, biomass production, nutrient removal, and biochemical composition were assessed. L. platensis grew under all conditions, showing the highest growth rate (r = 0.62 day⁻1) and the shortest doubling time (DT = 1.12 days) in unsupplemented effluent, although biomass concentration was lower (Xmax = 0.76 g L⁻1). Zarrouk’s supplementation increased biomass concentration (Xmax = 0.84–0.95 g L⁻1). Nitrogen and phosphorus were completely removed during cultivation without supplementation, whereas the addition of Zarrouk’s medium led to residual nitrate and phosphate. Higher effluent proportions increased lipid (up to 15% dry weight), carbohydrate (up to 27% dry weight), and carotenoid contents (up to 1.8 mg g⁻1), while higher Zarrouk’s proportions favored protein (up to 60% dry weight), phycocyanin (up to 13.0 mg g⁻1), and chlorophyll-a accumulation (up to 4.0 mg g⁻1). Biomass produced under high-effluent conditions exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity (78% DPPH• radical scavenging activity), which represents a key novel finding of this study. This approach demonstrates the potential of L. platensis for aquaculture effluent bioremediation, simultaneously producing value-added biomass suitable for application in aquafeeds or as a biofertilizer.

Graphical Abstract