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<p>This study probed the impacts of dietary octacosanol supplementation at 0 (control), 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg diets on the growth parameters, intestinal enzyme activities, biochemical, antioxidant status, gene expression pattern, and hypoxia tolerance of whiteleg shrimp (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>, initial weight 1.49 ± 0.01 g, <i>n</i> = 3, total shrimp = 360) during a 60-day feeding trial. To assess growth efficiency, final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were recorded, which were significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) improved with octacosanol supplementation, with optimal responses observed at 12 mg/kg. Feed conversion ratio decreased quadratically, reaching optimal efficiency at approximately 10.83 mg/kg. Intestinal enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and protease) and antioxidant indicators (SOD, CAT, GPx, and TAC) were markedly enhanced at 12 mg/kg, while lipid peroxidation (MDA) was minimized. Hemolymph biochemical indices, including total protein, albumin, globulin, HDL-c, and lysozyme, increased significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), whereas AST and ALT decreased. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of immune- and antioxidant-related genes (<i>Mn-SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i>, <i>GSH-Px</i>, <i>LYZ</i>, and <i>ProPO</i>) was upregulated, coinciding with elevated antioxidant capacity and immune responses. Shrimp fed octacosanol diets exhibited enhanced hypoxia tolerance, with LT<sub>50</sub> extended by approximately 30–40 min compared to the control. Collectively, the results demonstrate that dietary octacosanol at 12 mg/kg optimizes growth, physiological health, and stress resilience in <i>L. vannamei</i>, supporting its potential as a natural dietary additive for sustainable shrimp farming. Future studies are needed to explore octacosanol’s long-term effects on shrimp under various stress conditions, its molecular mechanisms, and its impact on other species, as well as its synergy with other feed additives.</p>

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Dietary octacosanol enhances growth, antioxidant defense, gene expression, and hypoxia tolerance in whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Akram Ismael Shehata,
  • Mohammed F. El Basuini,
  • Vicent Michael Shija,
  • Md. Akibul Hasan Bakky,
  • Ngoc Tuan Tran,
  • Ming Zhang,
  • Shengkang Li

摘要

This study probed the impacts of dietary octacosanol supplementation at 0 (control), 6, 12, and 18 mg/kg diets on the growth parameters, intestinal enzyme activities, biochemical, antioxidant status, gene expression pattern, and hypoxia tolerance of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei, initial weight 1.49 ± 0.01 g, n = 3, total shrimp = 360) during a 60-day feeding trial. To assess growth efficiency, final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate were recorded, which were significantly (p < 0.05) improved with octacosanol supplementation, with optimal responses observed at 12 mg/kg. Feed conversion ratio decreased quadratically, reaching optimal efficiency at approximately 10.83 mg/kg. Intestinal enzyme activities (amylase, lipase, and protease) and antioxidant indicators (SOD, CAT, GPx, and TAC) were markedly enhanced at 12 mg/kg, while lipid peroxidation (MDA) was minimized. Hemolymph biochemical indices, including total protein, albumin, globulin, HDL-c, and lysozyme, increased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas AST and ALT decreased. Furthermore, transcriptional expression of immune- and antioxidant-related genes (Mn-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, LYZ, and ProPO) was upregulated, coinciding with elevated antioxidant capacity and immune responses. Shrimp fed octacosanol diets exhibited enhanced hypoxia tolerance, with LT50 extended by approximately 30–40 min compared to the control. Collectively, the results demonstrate that dietary octacosanol at 12 mg/kg optimizes growth, physiological health, and stress resilience in L. vannamei, supporting its potential as a natural dietary additive for sustainable shrimp farming. Future studies are needed to explore octacosanol’s long-term effects on shrimp under various stress conditions, its molecular mechanisms, and its impact on other species, as well as its synergy with other feed additives.