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Abstract <p>Rising seawater temperatures and marine heatwaves threaten abalone aquaculture, causing significant “summer mortality.” The present study systematically investigates tissue-specific thermal stress responses in Pacific abalone (<i>Haliotis discus hannai</i>), comparing intestine, gills, mantle, foot muscle, and digestive gland under gradient heating (1&#xa0;°C/h from 18 to 30&#xa0;°C) and acute heating (direct transfer to target temperatures of 18–30&#xa0;°C with 2-h stabilization). Biochemical and molecular analyses revealed distinct tissue sensitivities. Gill tissue exhibited the highest thermal sensitivity. Under gradient heating, significant oxidative damage markers became evident at higher temperatures (including 28&#xa0;°C), whereas under acute heating, several molecular stress responses were triggered earlier, with transcriptional changes in multiple stress-related genes appearing from 20 to 22&#xa0;°C. In contrast, foot muscle tissue demonstrated resilience, maintaining stable antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) activity. Acute heating triggered earlier stress responses than gradient heating: glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) increased significantly at lower temperatures (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Under acute heating, gill tissue showed early molecular responsiveness, with significant transcriptional activation detected from 20 to 24&#xa0;°C depending on the marker, including <i>xbp1</i>-related ER stress and heat shock responses. During recovery, <i>hsp70</i> expression in gills rapidly declined post-stress, while intestine and mantle exhibited delayed recovery. TUNEL assays revealed temperature-dependent apoptosis in mantle and digestive gland at ≥ 24&#xa0;°C, whereas gills and foot muscle displayed minimal DNA damage. These results provide physiological benchmarks for monitoring abalone health under temperature fluctuations, with implications for aquaculture management during extreme climate events.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Differential tissue-specific thermotolerance and cellular recovery mechanisms in Haliotis discus hannai under thermal stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • Dong Huang,
  • Xinxin Li,
  • Mingzhu Pan,
  • Yue Liu,
  • Gaochan Qin,
  • Zhichu Chen,
  • Xiaojun Yu,
  • Kangsen Mai,
  • Wenbing Zhang

摘要

Abstract

Rising seawater temperatures and marine heatwaves threaten abalone aquaculture, causing significant “summer mortality.” The present study systematically investigates tissue-specific thermal stress responses in Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai), comparing intestine, gills, mantle, foot muscle, and digestive gland under gradient heating (1 °C/h from 18 to 30 °C) and acute heating (direct transfer to target temperatures of 18–30 °C with 2-h stabilization). Biochemical and molecular analyses revealed distinct tissue sensitivities. Gill tissue exhibited the highest thermal sensitivity. Under gradient heating, significant oxidative damage markers became evident at higher temperatures (including 28 °C), whereas under acute heating, several molecular stress responses were triggered earlier, with transcriptional changes in multiple stress-related genes appearing from 20 to 22 °C. In contrast, foot muscle tissue demonstrated resilience, maintaining stable antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) activity. Acute heating triggered earlier stress responses than gradient heating: glucose, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) increased significantly at lower temperatures (P < 0.05). Under acute heating, gill tissue showed early molecular responsiveness, with significant transcriptional activation detected from 20 to 24 °C depending on the marker, including xbp1-related ER stress and heat shock responses. During recovery, hsp70 expression in gills rapidly declined post-stress, while intestine and mantle exhibited delayed recovery. TUNEL assays revealed temperature-dependent apoptosis in mantle and digestive gland at ≥ 24 °C, whereas gills and foot muscle displayed minimal DNA damage. These results provide physiological benchmarks for monitoring abalone health under temperature fluctuations, with implications for aquaculture management during extreme climate events.

Graphical Abstract