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<p>A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing kelp with alfalfa in the diet on the growth performance, appetite, digestion, intestinal histology, and immunity of abalone <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i> (initial body weight: 4.26 ± 0.03&#xa0;g). A control diet (A0) containing 30% kelp without alfalfa was used. Based on the A0 diet, five additional diets (A5, A10, A15, A20, A25) were formulated by replacing 16%, 33.3%, 50%, 66.6%, and 83.3% of the kelp with alfalfa (all substitutions on a dry-matter basis), corresponding to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the total diet, respectively. It was found that abalones fed with the A5, A10, and A15 diets had no significant difference in the weight gain rate with those in the A0 group (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). In the A25 group, the expression of the appetite genes in cranial ganglion, the intestinal trypsin and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities, the intestinal villus width, height, and perimeter ratio were significantly decreased compared to those in the A0 group (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The T-AOC level, LZM, and ACP activities in the cell-free hemolymph significantly decreased with the increasing dietary alfalfa levels, while MDA content and iNOS activity significantly increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The expressions of <i>tnf-α</i>, <i>nf-kb</i>, <i>tlr-4</i>, and <i>myd88</i> in the digestive gland were significantly increased with the increasing dietary alfalfa levels, while the <i>β-defensin</i> and <i>nrf2</i> expression significantly dropped (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, when the alfalfa level in the diet exceeded 20%, growth performance, feed intake, digestion, and immunity of abalone were adversely affected. Therefore, taking into account growth performance, feed intake, immunity, and the broken-line analysis based on weight gain rate, the recommended optimal alfalfa inclusion level in the diet was 6.13%.</p>

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Effects of alfalfa as a substitute for dietary kelp on the growth, appetite, digestion, intestine histology, and immunity of abalone Haliotis discus hannai

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Yongqing Liu,
  • Zhenhua Wu,
  • Xiaojun Yu,
  • Ze Zhang,
  • Tingting Fang,
  • Yang Liu,
  • Ziqian Han,
  • Kangsen Mai,
  • Wenbing Zhang

摘要

A 90-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of replacing kelp with alfalfa in the diet on the growth performance, appetite, digestion, intestinal histology, and immunity of abalone Haliotis discus hannai (initial body weight: 4.26 ± 0.03 g). A control diet (A0) containing 30% kelp without alfalfa was used. Based on the A0 diet, five additional diets (A5, A10, A15, A20, A25) were formulated by replacing 16%, 33.3%, 50%, 66.6%, and 83.3% of the kelp with alfalfa (all substitutions on a dry-matter basis), corresponding to 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of the total diet, respectively. It was found that abalones fed with the A5, A10, and A15 diets had no significant difference in the weight gain rate with those in the A0 group (P > 0.05). In the A25 group, the expression of the appetite genes in cranial ganglion, the intestinal trypsin and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities, the intestinal villus width, height, and perimeter ratio were significantly decreased compared to those in the A0 group (P < 0.05). The T-AOC level, LZM, and ACP activities in the cell-free hemolymph significantly decreased with the increasing dietary alfalfa levels, while MDA content and iNOS activity significantly increased (P < 0.05). The expressions of tnf-α, nf-kb, tlr-4, and myd88 in the digestive gland were significantly increased with the increasing dietary alfalfa levels, while the β-defensin and nrf2 expression significantly dropped (P < 0.05). In conclusion, when the alfalfa level in the diet exceeded 20%, growth performance, feed intake, digestion, and immunity of abalone were adversely affected. Therefore, taking into account growth performance, feed intake, immunity, and the broken-line analysis based on weight gain rate, the recommended optimal alfalfa inclusion level in the diet was 6.13%.