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<p>Aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry facing enormous challenges due to increasing demand for fish, shrimp, and other cultured species, resulting in considerable environmental consequences. Therefore, biofloc technology (BFT) has surfaced as a nature-friendly and sustainable solution to address these problems. BFT uses microbial aggregates to ensure a regulated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which enhances water quality by transforming nitrogenous waste into non-toxic products and, at the same time, generating biofloc, a protein-based feedstock to aquatic animals. This increases growth performance, feed efficiency, protein utilization, survival, and resistance to diseases in distinct species, and alleviates significant financial burdens. Thus, it overcomes constraints of the traditional systems (TS). Despite the positive impact of BFT, there are difficulties in microbe management, system integration, energy reservation, and cost minimization. Hence, this review article critically assesses the BFT potential on growth performance, water quality, feed usage, waste management&#xa0;and disease resistance, as well as&#xa0;its economic implications and drawbacks. It suggests smart management practices and future pathways of BFT in enhancing the aquaculture sector.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Biofloc technology: a comprehensive review of its implications for enhancing aquaculture production

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Nadia Yasin,
  • Syed Makhdoom Hussain,
  • Bedur Faleh Albalawi,
  • Muhammad Amjad,
  • Adan Naeem,
  • Eman Naeem,
  • Zainab Akram,
  • Mubeena Akbar

摘要

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing industry facing enormous challenges due to increasing demand for fish, shrimp, and other cultured species, resulting in considerable environmental consequences. Therefore, biofloc technology (BFT) has surfaced as a nature-friendly and sustainable solution to address these problems. BFT uses microbial aggregates to ensure a regulated carbon-to-nitrogen ratio, which enhances water quality by transforming nitrogenous waste into non-toxic products and, at the same time, generating biofloc, a protein-based feedstock to aquatic animals. This increases growth performance, feed efficiency, protein utilization, survival, and resistance to diseases in distinct species, and alleviates significant financial burdens. Thus, it overcomes constraints of the traditional systems (TS). Despite the positive impact of BFT, there are difficulties in microbe management, system integration, energy reservation, and cost minimization. Hence, this review article critically assesses the BFT potential on growth performance, water quality, feed usage, waste management and disease resistance, as well as its economic implications and drawbacks. It suggests smart management practices and future pathways of BFT in enhancing the aquaculture sector.

Graphical Abstract