<p>Fish products remain the most available protein source to many people living in developing countries. Reducing capture fisheries has made fish farming a dependable source of protein for resource-poor communities. In tropical countries, aquaculture mostly depends on earthen ponds, which suggests high susceptibility to climate-induced effects. Global warming has caused increased soil erosion, land deformation and loosening, as well as rising water temperatures, all of which have direct and indirect effects on pond fish farming. While the impact of temperature on life-history traits and physiological attributes of fishes has received adequate research attention, how increasing temperature affects pond construction, durability, water-holding capacity, overall water quality, and possible interactions with diseases, heavy metals, and other stressors remains poorly understood. This review therefore intends to inform on the effects of climate change, particularly increasing temperature and rainfall, on fishpond durability, earthen pond construction challenges, earthen pond productivity, adoption of high-density fish culture systems, and related challenges. Evidence synthesized in this review indicates that climate-driven soil degradation and thermal stress jointly undermine earthen pond integrity, water quality stability, and productivity, while amplifying disease and contamination risks. To contribute toward prepared and resilient societies, we discuss possible mitigation measures for climate change adaptation, including sector transformation to cage farming, indoor recirculating aquaculture systems, and the use of tanks and pond liners.</p>