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<p>Captive reproduction of wild freshwater fish species remains a significant challenge in aquaculture, particularly for ecologically and economically valuable cyprinids. Broadly distributed across the Middle East, the longspine scraper (<i>Capoeta trutta</i>) is now facing population declines due to overfishing, habitat degradation, and river regulation. This study investigated the effects of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa), administered via single injection or sustained-release implantation, on the reproductive performance of wild-bred male <i>C. trutta</i> maintained under captive conditions. A total of 48 2‑year‑old males were collected from rivers in western Iran during the natural breeding season and acclimatized to captive conditions over a 12‑month period. At the time of experimentation, the fish had an average length of ~ 23.8 cm and a weight of ~ 111.6 g. Fish were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (1) control (0.25 ml/kg physiological saline injection), (2) single sGnRHa injection (Ovaprim, 0.25 ml/kg), and (3) sGnRHa (5 µg/kg) + domperidone (5 mg/kg) implantation using cholesterol–cellulose pellets. Semen and blood samples were collected at 24 and 48 h, and 7 days after single injection or implantation. Results showed that both hormonal treatments significantly increased sperm volume and motility duration compared to the control (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Notably, sperm density and spermatocrit were significantly reduced in the hormonal treatments (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Hormonal treatments also led to a significant increase in serum testosterone (T) and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), while 11-ketotestosterone only increased significantly in the implantation group. Histological examination of testicular tissue confirmed the presence of spermatozoa in all groups, indicating the potential for spermiation under captive conditions. However, sperm quantity and quality were suboptimal for commercial use without hormonal induction. These findings demonstrate that sGnRHa therapy, whether by single injection or implantation, enhances the reproductive capacity of <i>C. trutta</i> males and can be a valuable tool for developing controlled breeding programs for this declining species.</p>

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Artificial reproduction of Capoeta trutta: effects of sGnRHa intramuscular injection and sustained-release implantation on sperm parameters and steroid hormones

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月29日

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  • Nastaran Sharafi,
  • Vahid Zadmajid

摘要

Captive reproduction of wild freshwater fish species remains a significant challenge in aquaculture, particularly for ecologically and economically valuable cyprinids. Broadly distributed across the Middle East, the longspine scraper (Capoeta trutta) is now facing population declines due to overfishing, habitat degradation, and river regulation. This study investigated the effects of salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (sGnRHa), administered via single injection or sustained-release implantation, on the reproductive performance of wild-bred male C. trutta maintained under captive conditions. A total of 48 2‑year‑old males were collected from rivers in western Iran during the natural breeding season and acclimatized to captive conditions over a 12‑month period. At the time of experimentation, the fish had an average length of ~ 23.8 cm and a weight of ~ 111.6 g. Fish were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: (1) control (0.25 ml/kg physiological saline injection), (2) single sGnRHa injection (Ovaprim, 0.25 ml/kg), and (3) sGnRHa (5 µg/kg) + domperidone (5 mg/kg) implantation using cholesterol–cellulose pellets. Semen and blood samples were collected at 24 and 48 h, and 7 days after single injection or implantation. Results showed that both hormonal treatments significantly increased sperm volume and motility duration compared to the control (P < 0.05). Notably, sperm density and spermatocrit were significantly reduced in the hormonal treatments (P < 0.05). Hormonal treatments also led to a significant increase in serum testosterone (T) and 17α,20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) levels (P < 0.05), while 11-ketotestosterone only increased significantly in the implantation group. Histological examination of testicular tissue confirmed the presence of spermatozoa in all groups, indicating the potential for spermiation under captive conditions. However, sperm quantity and quality were suboptimal for commercial use without hormonal induction. These findings demonstrate that sGnRHa therapy, whether by single injection or implantation, enhances the reproductive capacity of C. trutta males and can be a valuable tool for developing controlled breeding programs for this declining species.