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<p>Vibriosis is the most devastating bacterial disease affecting shrimp hatcheries and grow-out farms, posing a major constraint to sustainable aquaculture. As shrimp lack adaptive immunity, disease resistance relies entirely on an innate immune system of cellular defenses such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, nodule formation, coagulation, and apoptosis, along with humoral effectors including prophenoloxidase enzymes, agglutinins, antioxidant enzymes, melanin, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), primarily mediated by hemocytes. Among these effectors, AMPs are regulated mainly by the IMD and JAK/STAT signaling pathways that play a central role due to their broad antimicrobial activity against <i>Vibrio </i>spp. This review highlights the classification, structure, and functional roles of various AMPs, with particular emphasis on shrimp immune responses to vibriosis. The emerging evidence underscores the promise of AMPs as immunoprophylactic agents for vibriosis management, while also highlighting existing knowledge gaps that must be addressed to facilitate their effective therapeutic application in shrimp aquaculture.</p>

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Shrimp immune responses and antimicrobial peptides: an overview with emphasis on Vibrio infection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Naveenkumar Radhakrishnan,
  • Akshaya Panigrahi,
  • B. Naveen Rajeshwar,
  • Megha Kadam Bedekar

摘要

Vibriosis is the most devastating bacterial disease affecting shrimp hatcheries and grow-out farms, posing a major constraint to sustainable aquaculture. As shrimp lack adaptive immunity, disease resistance relies entirely on an innate immune system of cellular defenses such as phagocytosis, encapsulation, nodule formation, coagulation, and apoptosis, along with humoral effectors including prophenoloxidase enzymes, agglutinins, antioxidant enzymes, melanin, and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), primarily mediated by hemocytes. Among these effectors, AMPs are regulated mainly by the IMD and JAK/STAT signaling pathways that play a central role due to their broad antimicrobial activity against Vibrio spp. This review highlights the classification, structure, and functional roles of various AMPs, with particular emphasis on shrimp immune responses to vibriosis. The emerging evidence underscores the promise of AMPs as immunoprophylactic agents for vibriosis management, while also highlighting existing knowledge gaps that must be addressed to facilitate their effective therapeutic application in shrimp aquaculture.