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<p>The Chinese mitten crab <i>Eriocheir sinensis</i>, mainly farmed in ponds, often uses snails as natural bait. The accumulation of feces, bait remnants, and nitrogenous organic matter at the pond bottom can result in elevated ammonia nitrogen concentrations in <i>E. sinensis</i> ponds. To evaluate the effects of ammonia nitrogen stress on the foraging behavior and metabolic physiology of crabs, we implemented three experimental treatments with distinct ammonia nitrogen concentrations (0, 5, and 10&#xa0;mg·L⁻<sup>1</sup>) in the laboratory. The foraging behavior of <i>E. sinensis</i> was monitored using a crab behavior monitoring setup, and physiological indices were measured at the end of the experimental period. The results indicate that as the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increases in the water of aquaculture pond, the predation rate of crabs is significantly reduced. Consistent patterns were observed in three main behavioral components: handling time proportion, the probability of capture upon encounter, and consumption upon capture. These findings highlight the critical role of these behaviors in mediating the adverse effects of ammonia nitrogen on the predation efficiency of <i>E. sinensis</i>. The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and glucose levels in the hemolymph and the oxygen consumption rate of crabs increased significantly, while hemocyanin decreased with the elevated ammonia nitrogen. Elevated concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in water result in increased energy expenditure for <i>E. sinensis</i>, while simultaneously reducing their predation rate. Consequently, the physiological and biochemical alterations induced by high ammonia nitrogen levels, combined with the decline in predation efficiency, represent one of the primary factors contributing to reduced pond aquaculture productivity of <i>E. sinensis</i>. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for understanding the behavioral and physiological regulatory mechanisms of crustaceans under ammonia nitrogen stress, but also offers important references for water quality management practices in the healthy cultivation of <i>E. sinensis.</i></p>

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Effects of ammonia nitrogen on the foraging behavior and metabolic physiology of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Qin Wu,
  • Qiaolin Long,
  • Yunfei Sun,
  • Yongxu Cheng

摘要

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis, mainly farmed in ponds, often uses snails as natural bait. The accumulation of feces, bait remnants, and nitrogenous organic matter at the pond bottom can result in elevated ammonia nitrogen concentrations in E. sinensis ponds. To evaluate the effects of ammonia nitrogen stress on the foraging behavior and metabolic physiology of crabs, we implemented three experimental treatments with distinct ammonia nitrogen concentrations (0, 5, and 10 mg·L⁻1) in the laboratory. The foraging behavior of E. sinensis was monitored using a crab behavior monitoring setup, and physiological indices were measured at the end of the experimental period. The results indicate that as the concentration of ammonia nitrogen increases in the water of aquaculture pond, the predation rate of crabs is significantly reduced. Consistent patterns were observed in three main behavioral components: handling time proportion, the probability of capture upon encounter, and consumption upon capture. These findings highlight the critical role of these behaviors in mediating the adverse effects of ammonia nitrogen on the predation efficiency of E. sinensis. The crustacean hyperglycemic hormone and glucose levels in the hemolymph and the oxygen consumption rate of crabs increased significantly, while hemocyanin decreased with the elevated ammonia nitrogen. Elevated concentrations of ammonia nitrogen in water result in increased energy expenditure for E. sinensis, while simultaneously reducing their predation rate. Consequently, the physiological and biochemical alterations induced by high ammonia nitrogen levels, combined with the decline in predation efficiency, represent one of the primary factors contributing to reduced pond aquaculture productivity of E. sinensis. This study not only provides a theoretical basis for understanding the behavioral and physiological regulatory mechanisms of crustaceans under ammonia nitrogen stress, but also offers important references for water quality management practices in the healthy cultivation of E. sinensis.