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<p>We examined the effects of different levels of dietary bile acid (BA) on the growth performance, digestive capability, immune response, antioxidant activity, and intestinal microbiota of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> in a zero water exchange culture system to identify the optimal dietary BA level. A total of 30,000 shrimps, initially weighing 0.33 ± 0.02&#xa0;g, were fed diets that included 0 (BA0), 0.2 (BA0.2), 0.4 (BA0.4), 0.6 (BA0.6), and 0.8 (BA0.8) g/kg of BA over a 45-day period. The BA0.2 group exhibited the greatest final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR), along with the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). According to broken-line regression analysis, the ideal dietary level of BA for <i>L</i>. <i>vannamei</i> was between 0.21 and 0.23&#xa0;g/kg, based on SGR and FCR. The levels of lipase, trypsin, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were notably elevated in both the BA0.2 and BA0.4 groups compared with the other groups (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). The BA0.2 group exhibited the highest values for both the ACE and Chao indices and showed the highest estimated species richness. According to Shannon and Simpson index analysis, the intestinal flora diversity of shrimp was highest in the BA0.4 group. Supplementation with BAs can enhance the relative abundance of Actinobacteria present in the intestine. In conclusion, dietary addition of 0.21 to 0.23&#xa0;g/kg BA is optimal for <i>L</i>. <i>vannamei</i> under a zero water exchange culture system.</p>

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Optimizing bile acid levels in the feed of Litopenaeus vannamei under zero water exchange culture

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月10日

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  • Hao Wang,
  • Qifeng Li,
  • Yao Wang,
  • Haixin Qin,
  • Zhenzhen Chen,
  • Fangjie Ma,
  • Tianmei Pan,
  • Weifeng Li,
  • jiuman Jia

摘要

We examined the effects of different levels of dietary bile acid (BA) on the growth performance, digestive capability, immune response, antioxidant activity, and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei in a zero water exchange culture system to identify the optimal dietary BA level. A total of 30,000 shrimps, initially weighing 0.33 ± 0.02 g, were fed diets that included 0 (BA0), 0.2 (BA0.2), 0.4 (BA0.4), 0.6 (BA0.6), and 0.8 (BA0.8) g/kg of BA over a 45-day period. The BA0.2 group exhibited the greatest final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR), along with the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR). According to broken-line regression analysis, the ideal dietary level of BA for L. vannamei was between 0.21 and 0.23 g/kg, based on SGR and FCR. The levels of lipase, trypsin, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase were notably elevated in both the BA0.2 and BA0.4 groups compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The BA0.2 group exhibited the highest values for both the ACE and Chao indices and showed the highest estimated species richness. According to Shannon and Simpson index analysis, the intestinal flora diversity of shrimp was highest in the BA0.4 group. Supplementation with BAs can enhance the relative abundance of Actinobacteria present in the intestine. In conclusion, dietary addition of 0.21 to 0.23 g/kg BA is optimal for L. vannamei under a zero water exchange culture system.