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<p>This study aims to explore the effects of adding different doses of allicin to the feed on the growth performance of snakehead fish (<i>Channa argus</i>) and its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pathological damage. Allicin was added to the basal diet at levels of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400&#xa0;mg/kg, respectively. After 56&#xa0;days of continuous feeding, the fish were treated with an LPS injection. The results indicated that an appropriate amount of allicin could significantly improve the growth performance of snakehead fish. Among them, the 200&#xa0;mg/kg allicin group significantly enhanced the serum immune level after LPS treatment and alleviated the pathological damage of liver and intestinal tissues. Meanwhile, allicin can significantly reverse the mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes (such as <i>caspase-3</i>, <i>caspase-8</i>, etc.) and anti-apoptotic gene (<i>bcl-2</i>) in the intestine and liver induced by LPS. By inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, allicin significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory factors (such as <i>il-1β</i>, <i>tnf-α</i>, etc.) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (<i>il-10</i>, <i>tgf-β</i>), thereby enhancing the immune ability. It alleviated the inflammatory response, down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (such as <i>perk</i>, <i>ire-1α</i>, etc.), and up-regulated the expression of genes related to tight junction proteins, thus improving the intestinal barrier function. Through analysis, the optimal addition amount of allicin was 220.969&#xa0;mg/kg, which could significantly improve the growth performance of <i>C. argus</i>. Dietary supplementation with 100 and 200&#xa0;mg/kg allicin significantly improved final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain (WG) in <i>C. argus</i> compared to controls. In conclusion, an appropriate amount of allicin can effectively alleviate LPS-induced damage by regulating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and the health of the intestine and liver. This study provides a scientific basis for the application of allicin in aquaculture and contributes to the development of healthy snakehead fish farming technology.</p>

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Allicin improves lipopolysaccharide-induced liver and intestinal damage in snakehead fish (Channa argus) through the NF-κB/Nrf2 signaling pathway: alleviation of inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月24日

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  • Ping Zhang,
  • Wen Li,
  • Zhiqiang Shen,
  • Xinyu Zhang,
  • Qiongya Fang,
  • Siqi Jiao,
  • Siyu An,
  • Yidi Kong,
  • Min Li,
  • Guiqin Wang

摘要

This study aims to explore the effects of adding different doses of allicin to the feed on the growth performance of snakehead fish (Channa argus) and its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pathological damage. Allicin was added to the basal diet at levels of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. After 56 days of continuous feeding, the fish were treated with an LPS injection. The results indicated that an appropriate amount of allicin could significantly improve the growth performance of snakehead fish. Among them, the 200 mg/kg allicin group significantly enhanced the serum immune level after LPS treatment and alleviated the pathological damage of liver and intestinal tissues. Meanwhile, allicin can significantly reverse the mRNA expression of pro-apoptotic genes (such as caspase-3, caspase-8, etc.) and anti-apoptotic gene (bcl-2) in the intestine and liver induced by LPS. By inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway, allicin significantly reduced the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory factors (such as il-1β, tnf-α, etc.) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors (il-10, tgf-β), thereby enhancing the immune ability. It alleviated the inflammatory response, down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (such as perk, ire-1α, etc.), and up-regulated the expression of genes related to tight junction proteins, thus improving the intestinal barrier function. Through analysis, the optimal addition amount of allicin was 220.969 mg/kg, which could significantly improve the growth performance of C. argus. Dietary supplementation with 100 and 200 mg/kg allicin significantly improved final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain (WG) in C. argus compared to controls. In conclusion, an appropriate amount of allicin can effectively alleviate LPS-induced damage by regulating oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell apoptosis, inflammatory response, and the health of the intestine and liver. This study provides a scientific basis for the application of allicin in aquaculture and contributes to the development of healthy snakehead fish farming technology.