Exploring asymmetric effects of blue economy sectors on economic growth: evidence from a non-linear ARDL analysis
摘要
As coastal nations increasingly turn to the oceans for economic opportunity, the blue economy has emerged as a vital driver of sustainable development. In Malaysia, where marine resources are abundant yet unevenly harnessed, understanding the sector’s impact on growth is both timely and essential. This study investigates the asymmetric effects of key blue economy sectors on economic growth in Malaysia over the period 1985 to 2023 using secondary time-series data. Employing a non-linear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model, the analysis confirms the presence of long-run cointegration among the selected variables. The results reveal that both positive and negative shocks in total fish production significantly enhance economic growth. However, for sectors such as aquaculture and agriculture, forestry, and fishing, only negative shocks exhibit a statistically significant impact, while positive shocks have negligible effects. This asymmetry is largely attributed to the dominance of small-scale operations characterized by low productivity and limited value addition, thereby constraining their contribution to the broader economy. The findings underscore the need for targeted policy interventions to boost sectoral efficiency, support sustainable practices, and align blue economy development with national growth strategies. The study offers practical implications for advancing Sustainable Development Goal 14 (Life Below Water), which advocates for the responsible utilization of marine and ocean resources to support sustainable economic development.