<p>This study aimed to examine the value chain of sturgeon meat and caviar produced through aquaculture in Azerbaijan, a country with a prominent role in sturgeon farming, and to predict the network’s overall efficiency. Research data were collected via surveys of four sturgeon farms in Azerbaijan and an equal number of value chain actors involved in the delivery of products to consumers. The general characteristics of the sturgeon farms were identified. A value chain map of sturgeon meat and caviar was developed and analyzed using Porter’s model. The network efficiency of the value chain was predicted using the network DEA model. The results showed that sturgeon producers are the most significant contributors to the sturgeon product value chains. However, their value share is low, and negative values were identified for sturgeon meat. Differences in network efficiency scores were found based on market type, indicating that international market value chains have higher network efficiency levels than the domestic market. Implementing a training program focused on the fair distribution of shares in the value chains of sturgeon products, carried out jointly by all actors along the chain, can positively impact the network efficiency and effectiveness of actors at each stage.</p>