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<p>This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the rapid growth observed in hybrid triploid Carassius species. It focuses on blunt snout bream (<i>Megalobrama amblycephala</i>, MA), topmouth culter (<i>Culter alburnus</i>, CA), their diploid hybrid offspring (MC 2n), and the triploid hybrid (MC 3n) produced by crossing MA (female) with CA (male). Using anatomical measurements, histological examinations, gut content analysis, and muscle nutritional assessments, the research systematically compares differences in feeding adaptations, gonadal development, and muscle quality among these groups. The findings reveal that MC 3n has approximately 18 ± 2 gill rakers, with their length and spacing closely resembling those of the maternal MA. The pharyngeal tooth pattern (2.4.4—4.4.2) and the pharyngeal bone length-to-width ratio (2.8 ± 0.3) are also inherited from MA. The gut contents mainly consist of phytoplankton and plant material, indicating an herbivorous feeding adaptation. Gonadal development in MC 3n is notably impaired, with female ovaries arrested at stage I and male testes halted at stage IV without mature sperm. Levels of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in female serum and gonads are significantly lower than those in MC 2n (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). MC 3n exhibits significantly higher muscle crude protein and fat crude compared to both parent species and MC 2n (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Moreover, total umami amino acids are elevated, with an essential amino acid index of 0.92. Increased muscle fiber diameter (45.3 ± 2.1&#xa0;μm) combined with intramuscular fat deposition contributes to enhanced meat tenderness. Overall, this study demonstrates that MC 3n improves muscle quality through maternal-influenced feeding adaptations and gonadal arrest, offering theoretical insights for breeding environmentally safe and high-quality aquatic species.</p>

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Comparative study on feeding habits, gonadal development and muscle nutritional value in triploid hybrids derived from blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, ♀) × topmouth culter (Culter alburnus, ♂)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月25日

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  • Guang-hai Dong,
  • Zheng-nan Liu,
  • Song-lin Chen,
  • Yahui Feng,
  • Jie Chen,
  • Guodong Zheng,
  • Shuming Zou

摘要

This study investigates the mechanisms underlying the rapid growth observed in hybrid triploid Carassius species. It focuses on blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala, MA), topmouth culter (Culter alburnus, CA), their diploid hybrid offspring (MC 2n), and the triploid hybrid (MC 3n) produced by crossing MA (female) with CA (male). Using anatomical measurements, histological examinations, gut content analysis, and muscle nutritional assessments, the research systematically compares differences in feeding adaptations, gonadal development, and muscle quality among these groups. The findings reveal that MC 3n has approximately 18 ± 2 gill rakers, with their length and spacing closely resembling those of the maternal MA. The pharyngeal tooth pattern (2.4.4—4.4.2) and the pharyngeal bone length-to-width ratio (2.8 ± 0.3) are also inherited from MA. The gut contents mainly consist of phytoplankton and plant material, indicating an herbivorous feeding adaptation. Gonadal development in MC 3n is notably impaired, with female ovaries arrested at stage I and male testes halted at stage IV without mature sperm. Levels of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) in female serum and gonads are significantly lower than those in MC 2n (P < 0.05). MC 3n exhibits significantly higher muscle crude protein and fat crude compared to both parent species and MC 2n (P < 0.05). Moreover, total umami amino acids are elevated, with an essential amino acid index of 0.92. Increased muscle fiber diameter (45.3 ± 2.1 μm) combined with intramuscular fat deposition contributes to enhanced meat tenderness. Overall, this study demonstrates that MC 3n improves muscle quality through maternal-influenced feeding adaptations and gonadal arrest, offering theoretical insights for breeding environmentally safe and high-quality aquatic species.