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<p>Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were integral to sustainable aquaculture, offering controlled rearing environments that significantly reduce water consumption and enhance biosecurity. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in supporting physiological health, growth, and disease resistance. The temporal dynamics and composition of the gut bacterial communities were modulated by a range of factors, such as dietary inputs and environmental parameters, particularly in RAS. Therefore, elucidating the interactions between gut microbiota and environmental variables was vital for improving health management and optimizing production outcomes. In this study, we characterized the gut microbial communities of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> and their association with water quality parameters over a 90-day production cycle in a full-scale RAS. PERMANOVA and PCoA revealed three significant successional stages (initial, middle, and final) in the gut bacterial community. Our results revealed alpha diversity increased over time, with higher Chao1 and Shannon indices and lower Simpson values indicating greater richness and community evenness in the final stage. Variations in bacterial community composition led to notable changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa among different culture stages. The dominant bacterial phyla in the gut included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, and Firmicutes. Specifically, the initial stage was dominated by Proteobacteria, the middle stage was marked by a decline in Proteobacteria with increased contributions of Bacteroidota and Patescibacteria, whereas the final stage was characterized by persistent dominance of Proteobacteria, continued enrichment of Patescibacteria, and a decline in Firmicutes. Random forest analysis identified ten key biomarkers that were strongly associated with gut microbiome succession and potentially involved in critical functional processes. Furthermore, redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed strong correlations between microbial taxa and environmental factors, such as COD<sub>Mn</sub>, NO₂⁻-N, and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N, highlighting the significance of effective water quality management in shaping the gut microbiota for optimizing shrimp health and promoting sustainable culturing practices.</p>

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Bacterial community of the shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) gut and its relationship with water quality in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Arslan Emmanuel,
  • Bilal Raza,
  • Muhammad Naeem Ramzan,
  • Zhongming Zheng

摘要

Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) were integral to sustainable aquaculture, offering controlled rearing environments that significantly reduce water consumption and enhance biosecurity. The gut microbiota plays a critical role in supporting physiological health, growth, and disease resistance. The temporal dynamics and composition of the gut bacterial communities were modulated by a range of factors, such as dietary inputs and environmental parameters, particularly in RAS. Therefore, elucidating the interactions between gut microbiota and environmental variables was vital for improving health management and optimizing production outcomes. In this study, we characterized the gut microbial communities of Litopenaeus vannamei and their association with water quality parameters over a 90-day production cycle in a full-scale RAS. PERMANOVA and PCoA revealed three significant successional stages (initial, middle, and final) in the gut bacterial community. Our results revealed alpha diversity increased over time, with higher Chao1 and Shannon indices and lower Simpson values indicating greater richness and community evenness in the final stage. Variations in bacterial community composition led to notable changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa among different culture stages. The dominant bacterial phyla in the gut included Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Patescibacteria, and Firmicutes. Specifically, the initial stage was dominated by Proteobacteria, the middle stage was marked by a decline in Proteobacteria with increased contributions of Bacteroidota and Patescibacteria, whereas the final stage was characterized by persistent dominance of Proteobacteria, continued enrichment of Patescibacteria, and a decline in Firmicutes. Random forest analysis identified ten key biomarkers that were strongly associated with gut microbiome succession and potentially involved in critical functional processes. Furthermore, redundancy analysis (RDA) revealed strong correlations between microbial taxa and environmental factors, such as CODMn, NO₂⁻-N, and NH4+-N, highlighting the significance of effective water quality management in shaping the gut microbiota for optimizing shrimp health and promoting sustainable culturing practices.