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<p>The current research aimed to determine the toxicological impacts of tannery effluent on <i>Labeo rohita</i> and to investigate the health promoting potential of fenugreek (<i>Trigonella foenum-graecum</i>) seed extract (FSE) supplementation in sunflower meal-based diets. At the start of the trial, the 96-h LC<sub>50</sub> value (7.21%/L) of tannery effluent was determined following the probit analysis on <i>L. rohita</i>. During the feeding phase, tannery effluent toxicity and FSE supplemented in sunflower meal-based diets were administered simultaneously. Eight treatment groups were established; one was control negative (without toxicity and supplementation), the second was control positive (without supplementation and with toxicity) and the other treatment groups were individually supplied with different concentrations of FSE: T1-0.5%, T2-1%, T3-1.5%, T4-2%, T5-2.5%, and T6-3%. Fingerlings were fed twice daily at a rate of 5% body weight for the period of 90&#xa0;days. The results revealed that 0.5–1.5% FSE substantially (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) enhanced survival rates, growth indices, and body composition of <i>L. rohita</i>. In terms of hematological parameters, immune responses, and antioxidant activities, it was also observed that 0.5–1.5% inclusion of FSE under tannery effluent stress significantly (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) improved these parameters. In contrast, 2–3% FSE levels negatively impacted all these parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that 0.5–1.5% inclusion of FSE in fish diets is the best option to mitigate tannery effluent stress and improve fish health.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Remedial effects of fenugreek seed extract against tannery effluent toxicity on the growth, blood profile, immune response, and antioxidant activity in Labeo rohita

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Muhammad Amjad,
  • Syed Makhdoom Hussain,
  • Salma Sultana,
  • Shafaqat Ali

摘要

The current research aimed to determine the toxicological impacts of tannery effluent on Labeo rohita and to investigate the health promoting potential of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seed extract (FSE) supplementation in sunflower meal-based diets. At the start of the trial, the 96-h LC50 value (7.21%/L) of tannery effluent was determined following the probit analysis on L. rohita. During the feeding phase, tannery effluent toxicity and FSE supplemented in sunflower meal-based diets were administered simultaneously. Eight treatment groups were established; one was control negative (without toxicity and supplementation), the second was control positive (without supplementation and with toxicity) and the other treatment groups were individually supplied with different concentrations of FSE: T1-0.5%, T2-1%, T3-1.5%, T4-2%, T5-2.5%, and T6-3%. Fingerlings were fed twice daily at a rate of 5% body weight for the period of 90 days. The results revealed that 0.5–1.5% FSE substantially (p < 0.05) enhanced survival rates, growth indices, and body composition of L. rohita. In terms of hematological parameters, immune responses, and antioxidant activities, it was also observed that 0.5–1.5% inclusion of FSE under tannery effluent stress significantly (p < 0.05) improved these parameters. In contrast, 2–3% FSE levels negatively impacted all these parameters. Therefore, it can be concluded that 0.5–1.5% inclusion of FSE in fish diets is the best option to mitigate tannery effluent stress and improve fish health.

Graphical Abstract