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<p>The microsporidian <i>Enterocytozoon hepatonaei</i> (EHP) infects the hepatopancreas of <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>, causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) and substantial economic losses in shrimp farming. To explore the interaction between <i>L. vannamei</i> and EHP, this study divided the shrimp samples into negative control (NC), very low (VL), medium–low (ML), medium–high (MH), and very high (VH) based on the quantitative EHP load for histopathology and transcriptomic analysis. Histopathology analysis confirmed mature EHP spore colonization, infection-proportional tissue damage, and chronic inflammatory responses<i>.</i> Transcriptomic analysis revealed that EHP infection and host responses exhibit a stage-specific strategy. For EHP, 49 highly expressed genes were identified to play a dominant role in infection, participating in key biological processes such as gene expression, energy metabolism, and cell cycle. For <i>L. vannamei</i>, GO and KEGG analyses revealed a predominant enrichment of DEGs in immune response and energy metabolism pathways. Immune-related genes, such as lectins, penaeidins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, chitinase, lysozyme, domeless, toll-like receptors, and members of the MCM family showed differential expression patterns, suggesting that immune system activation in shrimp coexists with EHP-manipulated immunosuppression, implying a potential mechanism by which EHP establishes chronic infection. Metabolism-related genes involved in glucose, lipid, and homeostasis exhibited altered expression, consistent with disrupted energy balance. In summary, EHP utilizes a specific host cell pathway to establish an infection, which leads to an inflammatory response and chronic damage to shrimp tissues and causes disruption of the immune system and metabolism of the shrimp.</p>

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Novel insights into the interaction between Litopenaeus vannamei and Enterocytozoon hepatonaei via histopathology and transcriptomic analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月15日

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  • Yingyao Ma,
  • Rong Fan,
  • Mengqiang Wang

摘要

The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatonaei (EHP) infects the hepatopancreas of Litopenaeus vannamei, causing hepatopancreatic microsporidiosis (HPM) and substantial economic losses in shrimp farming. To explore the interaction between L. vannamei and EHP, this study divided the shrimp samples into negative control (NC), very low (VL), medium–low (ML), medium–high (MH), and very high (VH) based on the quantitative EHP load for histopathology and transcriptomic analysis. Histopathology analysis confirmed mature EHP spore colonization, infection-proportional tissue damage, and chronic inflammatory responses. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that EHP infection and host responses exhibit a stage-specific strategy. For EHP, 49 highly expressed genes were identified to play a dominant role in infection, participating in key biological processes such as gene expression, energy metabolism, and cell cycle. For L. vannamei, GO and KEGG analyses revealed a predominant enrichment of DEGs in immune response and energy metabolism pathways. Immune-related genes, such as lectins, penaeidins, anti-lipopolysaccharide factors, chitinase, lysozyme, domeless, toll-like receptors, and members of the MCM family showed differential expression patterns, suggesting that immune system activation in shrimp coexists with EHP-manipulated immunosuppression, implying a potential mechanism by which EHP establishes chronic infection. Metabolism-related genes involved in glucose, lipid, and homeostasis exhibited altered expression, consistent with disrupted energy balance. In summary, EHP utilizes a specific host cell pathway to establish an infection, which leads to an inflammatory response and chronic damage to shrimp tissues and causes disruption of the immune system and metabolism of the shrimp.