<p>Seaweed cultivation, particularly of <i>Eucheuma</i> and <i>Kappaphycus</i> species, plays a vital role in Indonesia’s coastal economy, supporting livelihoods and contributing to the global supply of carrageenan. Despite its economic significance, the sector faces challenges related to environmental sustainability, governance, technological access, and market integration. This study adopts a mixed-methods approach combining literature review, bibliometric analysis (Scopus-based using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny), field observations, and stakeholder interviews across three major cultivation sites (Southeast Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and East Java). Findings show that while Indonesia maintains global leadership in seaweed production, productivity and resilience are increasingly limited by disease outbreaks, epiphytic infestations, climate variability, and declining seed quality, compounded by suboptimal farming protocols, post-harvest losses, and fragmented governance. Bibliometric analysis indicates a shift in research focus from cultivation biology toward sustainability, livelihoods, governance, and climate resilience, with remaining gaps in post-harvest innovation, domestic market development, and adaptive spatial planning. Based on these insights, the paper proposes evidence-based recommendations, including strengthening institutional governance, promoting sustainable and site-specific cultivation practices, enhancing capacity building and technology adoption, improving value chain integration, advancing applied research, and fostering participatory marine spatial planning. Implementing these strategies is essential for building a resilient, inclusive, and environmentally responsible seaweed industry that supports Indonesia’s blue economy objectives and enhances the well-being of coastal communities.</p>