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<p>This study integrates network pharmacology, molecular docking, and a 56-day feeding trial to evaluate the effects of dietary pterostilbene (PTE) on growth, physiological status, and underlying regulatory pathways in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>. The results indicate that dietary supplementation with a specific dose of PTE enhances shrimp growth, improves metabolic capacity, boosts antioxidant defenses, strengthens immune responses, and reduces inflammation. The regulatory mechanism of PTE involves targeting and binding to key proteins in lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways, including <i>AKT</i>, <i>INSR</i>, and <i>SIRT1</i> within the insulin and <i>SIRT1</i>-<i>AMPK</i> pathways. This binding significantly increases the gene expression levels of these targets (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), thereby activating the respective signaling pathways and enhancing glycolipid metabolism capacity. In terms of immune function, PTE targets and binds to key antioxidants and immune proteins, including <i>Nrf2</i>, <i>Relish</i>, and <i>Dorsal</i>, resulting in a significant increase in the expression levels of these genes (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Consequently, the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes associated with <i>Nrf2</i> (<i>SOD</i>, <i>CAT</i>, <i>GPX</i>) was significantly elevated (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), enhancing antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the expression of antibacterial lysosomal factors (<i>PEN3</i>, <i>CRU</i>, <i>ALF</i>, and <i>LYC</i>) also increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), thereby strengthening immune function. Moreover, dietary PTE reshapes the structure of gut microbiota and increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms and optimal dosage of dietary PTE in improving the physiological function of shrimp by combining molecular docking with in vivo findings, providing a theoretical basis for the development of efficient and safe aquaculture feed additives.</p>

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Pterostilbene feeding experiment on Litopenaeus vannamei: network pharmacology, molecular docking, and physiological enhancement mechanism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Zhengxu Chen,
  • Futao Jing,
  • Tengwen Zhang,
  • Xin Yu,
  • Liwen Liao,
  • Yaobing Li,
  • Yuxin Wen,
  • Luqing Pan

摘要

This study integrates network pharmacology, molecular docking, and a 56-day feeding trial to evaluate the effects of dietary pterostilbene (PTE) on growth, physiological status, and underlying regulatory pathways in Litopenaeus vannamei. The results indicate that dietary supplementation with a specific dose of PTE enhances shrimp growth, improves metabolic capacity, boosts antioxidant defenses, strengthens immune responses, and reduces inflammation. The regulatory mechanism of PTE involves targeting and binding to key proteins in lipid metabolism-related signaling pathways, including AKT, INSR, and SIRT1 within the insulin and SIRT1-AMPK pathways. This binding significantly increases the gene expression levels of these targets (P < 0.05), thereby activating the respective signaling pathways and enhancing glycolipid metabolism capacity. In terms of immune function, PTE targets and binds to key antioxidants and immune proteins, including Nrf2, Relish, and Dorsal, resulting in a significant increase in the expression levels of these genes (P < 0.05). Consequently, the expression of downstream antioxidant enzymes associated with Nrf2 (SOD, CAT, GPX) was significantly elevated (P < 0.05), enhancing antioxidant capacity. Additionally, the expression of antibacterial lysosomal factors (PEN3, CRU, ALF, and LYC) also increased (P < 0.05), thereby strengthening immune function. Moreover, dietary PTE reshapes the structure of gut microbiota and increases the abundance of beneficial bacteria. This study elucidates the molecular mechanisms and optimal dosage of dietary PTE in improving the physiological function of shrimp by combining molecular docking with in vivo findings, providing a theoretical basis for the development of efficient and safe aquaculture feed additives.