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<p>Poor thermal tolerance is a foremost issue in hybrid abalone (Lvpan abalone, <i>Haliotis discus hannai</i>&#xa0;hybrid&#xa0;<i>H. fulgens</i>) farming, while acclimation temperature and size may be key factors affecting abalones’ thermal tolerance. Evaluating the effects of acclimation temperature and size on the thermal tolerance of abalones is of great significance for guiding their farming practices and the conduct of surrounding human activities. Using critical temperature maximum (CTM) and upper incipient lethal temperature (UILT) tests, this study was conducted to assess abalones’ thermal tolerance after 21&#xa0;days of acclimation at two temperatures (25&#xa0;°C and 16&#xa0;°C). At each temperature, abalones were divided into small (average weight 6.85 ± 1.97) and large (average weight 41.33 ± 8.41) groups. The CTM test applied heating rates of + 1&#xa0;°C/h, + 2&#xa0;°C/h, + 4&#xa0;°C/h, + 6&#xa0;°C/h, and + 8&#xa0;°C/h. The UILT test, tailored to the acclimation temperature, used temperature shocks of + 2&#xa0;°C (27&#xa0;°C), + 4&#xa0;°C (29&#xa0;°C), + 6&#xa0;°C (31&#xa0;°C), + 8&#xa0;°C (33&#xa0;°C), and + 10&#xa0;°C (35&#xa0;°C) in the high acclimation temperature group and + 8&#xa0;°C (24&#xa0;°C), + 12&#xa0;°C (28&#xa0;°C), + 16&#xa0;°C (32&#xa0;°C), + 18&#xa0;°C (34&#xa0;°C), and + 20&#xa0;°C (36&#xa0;°C) in the low acclimation temperature group. In the CTM tests (<i>n</i> = 11), the maximum critical temperature and death temperature of each abalone were recorded across three repeats. The semi-lethal temperature was determined via exponential model fitting. In the UILT test (<i>n</i> = 33), abalone mortality was monitored over 24&#xa0;h, with the Probit model calculating the 24-h semi-lethal temperature. Results showed that higher acclimation temperatures significantly increased the maximum critical temperature for both abalone sizes (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) and the initial death temperature at lower heating rates (+ 1&#xa0;°C/h and + 2&#xa0;°C/h, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). However, they did not significantly affect the initial death temperature at higher heating rates nor the semi or absolute lethal temperatures across all rates (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). In the UILT test, regardless of the temperature or size, abalones begin to die rapidly at around 31&#xa0;°C. The 24-h semi-lethal temperatures for large abalones were 31.1&#xa0;°C (high acclimation temperature) and 29.1&#xa0;°C (low acclimation temperature), and for small abalones, 30.9&#xa0;°C and 29.6&#xa0;°C, respectively. Comparing the two size groups revealed almost no significant differences in all indicators (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, higher acclimation temperatures can improve the sensitivity of Lvpan abalones to heat stress, but cannot alter their inherent death temperature. Size does not significantly affect abalones’ thermal tolerance or their response to temperature acclimation.</p>

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Size-independent thermal tolerance enhancement in hybrid Abalone (Haliotis discus hannai × H. fulgens) under high-temperature acclimation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月30日

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  • Shuyi Zhang,
  • Jianfeng Mou,
  • Yaqin Huang,
  • Ronghui Zheng,
  • Jun Bo,
  • Youling Ye,
  • Kun Liu,
  • Heshan Lin

摘要

Poor thermal tolerance is a foremost issue in hybrid abalone (Lvpan abalone, Haliotis discus hannai hybrid H. fulgens) farming, while acclimation temperature and size may be key factors affecting abalones’ thermal tolerance. Evaluating the effects of acclimation temperature and size on the thermal tolerance of abalones is of great significance for guiding their farming practices and the conduct of surrounding human activities. Using critical temperature maximum (CTM) and upper incipient lethal temperature (UILT) tests, this study was conducted to assess abalones’ thermal tolerance after 21 days of acclimation at two temperatures (25 °C and 16 °C). At each temperature, abalones were divided into small (average weight 6.85 ± 1.97) and large (average weight 41.33 ± 8.41) groups. The CTM test applied heating rates of + 1 °C/h, + 2 °C/h, + 4 °C/h, + 6 °C/h, and + 8 °C/h. The UILT test, tailored to the acclimation temperature, used temperature shocks of + 2 °C (27 °C), + 4 °C (29 °C), + 6 °C (31 °C), + 8 °C (33 °C), and + 10 °C (35 °C) in the high acclimation temperature group and + 8 °C (24 °C), + 12 °C (28 °C), + 16 °C (32 °C), + 18 °C (34 °C), and + 20 °C (36 °C) in the low acclimation temperature group. In the CTM tests (n = 11), the maximum critical temperature and death temperature of each abalone were recorded across three repeats. The semi-lethal temperature was determined via exponential model fitting. In the UILT test (n = 33), abalone mortality was monitored over 24 h, with the Probit model calculating the 24-h semi-lethal temperature. Results showed that higher acclimation temperatures significantly increased the maximum critical temperature for both abalone sizes (P < 0.05) and the initial death temperature at lower heating rates (+ 1 °C/h and + 2 °C/h, P < 0.05). However, they did not significantly affect the initial death temperature at higher heating rates nor the semi or absolute lethal temperatures across all rates (P > 0.05). In the UILT test, regardless of the temperature or size, abalones begin to die rapidly at around 31 °C. The 24-h semi-lethal temperatures for large abalones were 31.1 °C (high acclimation temperature) and 29.1 °C (low acclimation temperature), and for small abalones, 30.9 °C and 29.6 °C, respectively. Comparing the two size groups revealed almost no significant differences in all indicators (P > 0.05). In conclusion, higher acclimation temperatures can improve the sensitivity of Lvpan abalones to heat stress, but cannot alter their inherent death temperature. Size does not significantly affect abalones’ thermal tolerance or their response to temperature acclimation.