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<p>While single-strain probiotics are widely used in the aquaculture industry, the long-term effects of using a combination of multiple probiotic species remain largely unknown in Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>). This study investigated the impacts of a multi-species probiotic (MP) diet on growth, blood biochemistry, immunity, organ histology, the immune- and growth-related genes in Nile tilapia. Two hundred forty healthy Nile tilapia (46.19 ± 0.12 g) were randomly distributed into four experimental groups, with three replicates of 20 fish per pond. The fish were fed with varying concentrations of MP at 0 (MP0), 0.5 (MP0.5), 1 (MP1.0), and 1.5 (MP1.5) g/kg diet, which containing <i>Lactobacillus delbrueckii</i>, <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i>, <i>Bacillus subtilis</i>, and <i>Bacillus cereus</i> at a concentration of 1 × 10⁹ CFU/g. All MP-additive groups significantly enhanced the final fish weight (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), ADG (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), SGR (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), weight gain (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and fish biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. Enriching tilapia diets with MP resulted in a significant reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), while significantly improving total protein, albumin, and globulin levels (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Supplementation with MP significantly enhanced serum digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, and amylase) and immune responses (lysosome and phagocytic activities) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). MP1.5 group exhibited the greatest levels of SOD, CAT, and the lowest levels of MDA compared to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Adding MP to fish diets enhanced water quality, especially at 1 or 1.5 g/kg diet. Compared with the control group, curd protein and ash were significantly improved and preserved the integrity of the organ histology structure (intestine and hepatocyte) in the MP1.0 and MP1.5 groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The expression of growth genes (<i>GH</i> and <i>IGF-1</i>) and the anti-inflammatory gene (<i>IL-8</i>) were significantly enhanced (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), while the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (<i>IL-1β</i> and <i>TNF-α</i>) was downregulated in all MP-supplemented groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Dietary supplementation with the multi-species probiotic promoted superior growth and health in Nile tilapia through the upregulation of antioxidant defenses, enhanced immune function, and modulation of inflammatory responses. This study highlights the practical benefits of using multi-species probiotics to improve the sustainability of tilapia aquaculture farms.</p>

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Effects of quadric probiotic blend supplementation on growth, biochemical markers, organ histology, immunity, antioxidant status, and gene expression in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Roshmon Thomas Mathew,
  • Yousef Ahmed Alkhamis,
  • Ahmed Saud Alsaqufi,
  • Abdallah Tageldein Mansour,
  • Ouda Nasser Aldakhillalla,
  • Mohamed Shawky El Sayed,
  • Layla A. Almutairi,
  • Zulhisyam Abdul Kari,
  • Abdelazeem M. Algammal,
  • Helal F. Hetta,
  • Moaheda E. H. Eissa,
  • El-Sayed Hemdan Eissa

摘要

While single-strain probiotics are widely used in the aquaculture industry, the long-term effects of using a combination of multiple probiotic species remain largely unknown in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). This study investigated the impacts of a multi-species probiotic (MP) diet on growth, blood biochemistry, immunity, organ histology, the immune- and growth-related genes in Nile tilapia. Two hundred forty healthy Nile tilapia (46.19 ± 0.12 g) were randomly distributed into four experimental groups, with three replicates of 20 fish per pond. The fish were fed with varying concentrations of MP at 0 (MP0), 0.5 (MP0.5), 1 (MP1.0), and 1.5 (MP1.5) g/kg diet, which containing Lactobacillus delbrueckii, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus at a concentration of 1 × 10⁹ CFU/g. All MP-additive groups significantly enhanced the final fish weight (p < 0.001), ADG (p < 0.001), SGR (p < 0.05), weight gain (p < 0.01), and fish biomass (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Enriching tilapia diets with MP resulted in a significant reduction in liver enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP) (p < 0.01), while significantly improving total protein, albumin, and globulin levels (p < 0.05). Supplementation with MP significantly enhanced serum digestive enzymes (protease, lipase, and amylase) and immune responses (lysosome and phagocytic activities) (p < 0.05). MP1.5 group exhibited the greatest levels of SOD, CAT, and the lowest levels of MDA compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Adding MP to fish diets enhanced water quality, especially at 1 or 1.5 g/kg diet. Compared with the control group, curd protein and ash were significantly improved and preserved the integrity of the organ histology structure (intestine and hepatocyte) in the MP1.0 and MP1.5 groups (p < 0.01). The expression of growth genes (GH and IGF-1) and the anti-inflammatory gene (IL-8) were significantly enhanced (p < 0.01), while the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL-1β and TNF-α) was downregulated in all MP-supplemented groups (p < 0.01). Dietary supplementation with the multi-species probiotic promoted superior growth and health in Nile tilapia through the upregulation of antioxidant defenses, enhanced immune function, and modulation of inflammatory responses. This study highlights the practical benefits of using multi-species probiotics to improve the sustainability of tilapia aquaculture farms.