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<p><i>Kappaphycus alvarezii</i>, a key source of carrageenan, faces challenges in its cultivation due to fluctuating salinity levels, which can hinder its growth and productivity. The present study employed label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate how <i>K. alvarezii</i> adapts to hyposaline (24 practical salinity unit; psu) and hypersaline (40 psu) conditions, with a control salinity treatment of 32 psu. The nano LC–MS/MS analysis of proteins extracted through the BPP (borax/polyvinyl-poly pyrrolidone/phenol) method from <i>K. alvarezii</i> resulted in the identification of 595 proteins. Under hypersalinity, 156 proteins exhibited differential abundance, with 87 up-regulated and 69 down-regulated proteins in comparison to the control. Under hyposalinity, 106 proteins showed differential abundance, with 54 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated proteins. Proteins involved in glycolysis, such as glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase, were up-regulated under hypersalinity, while glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was up-regulated under hyposalinity. The TCA cycle was affected, with five major enzymes showing differential abundance. Notably, malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase were up-regulated under hypersalinity. In the carbon fixation pathway, seven major proteins were influenced by salinity fluctuations, which include malate dehydrogenase, RuBisCO, fructose bisphosphatase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and phosphoribulokinase. The study highlighted the 14–3-3 protein as a key player, with its expression significantly altered by variable salinity. Network analysis revealed its interactions with 20 different proteins involved in various biological activities, making it a potential candidate for developing climate-resilient strains of <i>K. alvarezii.</i> Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that enable <i>K. alvarezii</i> to acclimate to varying salinity conditions, benefiting the cultivation of this important red seaweed.</p>

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Label-free nano LC–MS/MS reveals proteome reprogramming in Kappaphycus alvarezii under different strengths of salinity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Shahrukh A. Siddiqui,
  • Mangal S. Rathore

摘要

Kappaphycus alvarezii, a key source of carrageenan, faces challenges in its cultivation due to fluctuating salinity levels, which can hinder its growth and productivity. The present study employed label-free quantitative proteomics to investigate how K. alvarezii adapts to hyposaline (24 practical salinity unit; psu) and hypersaline (40 psu) conditions, with a control salinity treatment of 32 psu. The nano LC–MS/MS analysis of proteins extracted through the BPP (borax/polyvinyl-poly pyrrolidone/phenol) method from K. alvarezii resulted in the identification of 595 proteins. Under hypersalinity, 156 proteins exhibited differential abundance, with 87 up-regulated and 69 down-regulated proteins in comparison to the control. Under hyposalinity, 106 proteins showed differential abundance, with 54 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated proteins. Proteins involved in glycolysis, such as glucose-6-phosphate isomerase and pyruvate kinase, were up-regulated under hypersalinity, while glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was up-regulated under hyposalinity. The TCA cycle was affected, with five major enzymes showing differential abundance. Notably, malate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase were up-regulated under hypersalinity. In the carbon fixation pathway, seven major proteins were influenced by salinity fluctuations, which include malate dehydrogenase, RuBisCO, fructose bisphosphatase, ribose-5-phosphate isomerase and phosphoribulokinase. The study highlighted the 14–3-3 protein as a key player, with its expression significantly altered by variable salinity. Network analysis revealed its interactions with 20 different proteins involved in various biological activities, making it a potential candidate for developing climate-resilient strains of K. alvarezii. Overall, this research offers valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that enable K. alvarezii to acclimate to varying salinity conditions, benefiting the cultivation of this important red seaweed.