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<p>Aquaculture plays a pivotal role in global seafood supply, but its rapid expansion has generated substantial environmental concerns. In particular, wastewater discharge from intensive farms contributes to biodiversity loss and harmful algal blooms, imposing costs that are not reflected in market prices and result in welfare losses. This study evaluates the environmental costs of aquaculture wastewater using a refined contingent valuation method. This approach addresses respondent uncertainty and the high rate of zero-WTP responses to yield more conservative and reliable estimates. The estimated cost can be further translated into per-fish and per-household costs to guide cost-sharing strategies. These estimates can inform region-specific policy designs and cross-country comparisons of aquaculture impacts. The findings offer practical benchmarks for internalizing externalities and developing economically feasible aquaculture regulations, serving as a concrete basis for policy formulation.</p>

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Clear waters come at a cost: environmental costs as externalities of aquaculture wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Woo Hyeok An,
  • Joo-Suk Lee

摘要

Aquaculture plays a pivotal role in global seafood supply, but its rapid expansion has generated substantial environmental concerns. In particular, wastewater discharge from intensive farms contributes to biodiversity loss and harmful algal blooms, imposing costs that are not reflected in market prices and result in welfare losses. This study evaluates the environmental costs of aquaculture wastewater using a refined contingent valuation method. This approach addresses respondent uncertainty and the high rate of zero-WTP responses to yield more conservative and reliable estimates. The estimated cost can be further translated into per-fish and per-household costs to guide cost-sharing strategies. These estimates can inform region-specific policy designs and cross-country comparisons of aquaculture impacts. The findings offer practical benchmarks for internalizing externalities and developing economically feasible aquaculture regulations, serving as a concrete basis for policy formulation.