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<p>The present study investigated the health and welfare of <i>Catla catla</i> cultured in extensive, semi-intensive, and sewage-fed systems in West Bengal. Key parameters included Fulton’s condition factor, haematological and biochemical markers in serum and mucus, and water quality, to assess the effects of rearing systems on fish health. Skin mucus analysis was incorporated as a non-invasive tool to assess stress and immune responses. The results revealed significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) higher condition factors in semi-intensive and extensive systems compared to the sewage-fed system, indicating better overall fish health. Hematological analysis showed elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in the sewage-fed system, whereas hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) were significantly reduced (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) levels were highest in the semi-intensive system, with no significant difference observed between extensive and sewage-fed systems. Protein profiles in serum and mucus were significantly higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in the semi-intensive system, while lower in sewage and extensive systems, with no significant difference observed between the two. Glucose and cortisol were significantly elevated (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in the sewage-fed system in both serum and mucus. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities showed no significant differences across systems, although mucus SOD activity was significantly higher (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in extensive and sewage-fed systems; mucus CAT activities remained unchanged. Lysozyme and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly higher (<i>P </i>&lt; 0.05) in both serum and mucus in fish from the sewage-fed system, likely indicating chronic immune stimulation. Overall, the semi-intensive system demonstrated better fish health. Furthermore, positive correlations between serum and mucus parameters (albumin, glucose, cortisol, lysozyme, IgM) support the use of skin mucus as a non-invasive alternative for assessing fish welfare.</p>

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Comparative health assessment of Catla catla (Ham., 1822) reared in semi-intensive, extensive and sewage-fed culture systems using condition indices, hematology, serum and epidermal mucus biochemicals

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月23日

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  • Sapana Devi Khumujam,
  • Sujata Sahoo,
  • Tincy Varghese,
  • Kajal Kumari,
  • Bhashwati Roy,
  • Kedar Nath Mohanta

摘要

The present study investigated the health and welfare of Catla catla cultured in extensive, semi-intensive, and sewage-fed systems in West Bengal. Key parameters included Fulton’s condition factor, haematological and biochemical markers in serum and mucus, and water quality, to assess the effects of rearing systems on fish health. Skin mucus analysis was incorporated as a non-invasive tool to assess stress and immune responses. The results revealed significantly (P < 0.05) higher condition factors in semi-intensive and extensive systems compared to the sewage-fed system, indicating better overall fish health. Hematological analysis showed elevated white blood cell (WBC) levels (P < 0.05) in the sewage-fed system, whereas hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). Red blood cell (RBC) levels were highest in the semi-intensive system, with no significant difference observed between extensive and sewage-fed systems. Protein profiles in serum and mucus were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the semi-intensive system, while lower in sewage and extensive systems, with no significant difference observed between the two. Glucose and cortisol were significantly elevated (P < 0.05) in the sewage-fed system in both serum and mucus. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities showed no significant differences across systems, although mucus SOD activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in extensive and sewage-fed systems; mucus CAT activities remained unchanged. Lysozyme and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in both serum and mucus in fish from the sewage-fed system, likely indicating chronic immune stimulation. Overall, the semi-intensive system demonstrated better fish health. Furthermore, positive correlations between serum and mucus parameters (albumin, glucose, cortisol, lysozyme, IgM) support the use of skin mucus as a non-invasive alternative for assessing fish welfare.