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<p>The yellow pond turtle (<i>Mauremys mutica</i>), an important freshwater species in Chinese aquaculture, faces increasing threats from bacterial diseases such as <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, necessitating safe immunostimulatory strategies. <i>Angelica sinensis</i> polysaccharides (ASP), with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory properties, are a promising feed additive. This study evaluated dietary ASP effects on growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal microbiota, and liver transcriptome in <i>M. mutica</i>. A total of 540 turtles (150.42 ± 5.61&#xa0;g) were randomly assigned to a control group (fed with basal diet, denoted as A0) and five experimental groups supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.40%, and 0.80% ASP (A5, A10, A20, A40, and A80) for 65&#xa0;days. ASP significantly reduced hepatosomatic index (HSI) (<i>P</i> = 0.001) and enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) (<i>P</i> = 0.049), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (<i>P</i> = 0.003), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (<i>P</i> = 0.026); lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) (<i>P</i> = 0.002); decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) (<i>P</i> = 0.009) and triglycerides (TG) (<i>P</i> = 0.006); and elevated serum immune Markers, including complement component 4 (C4) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), acid phosphatase (ACP) (<i>P</i> = 0.011), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and lysozyme (LZM) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Regression analysis indicated an optimal supplementation of 0.17–0.28%. Following <i>K. pneumoniae</i> challenge, A20 showed the highest survival rate (73.33%) and relative percent survival (50.00%) (<i>P</i> = 0.002). ASP also increased beneficial intestinal taxa (<i>Lachnospira</i>, <i>Muribaculaceae_unclassified</i>, <i>Anaerovibrio</i>) and activated immune-related liver pathways, including hematopoietic cell lineage, pattern recognition receptors, and cell adhesion molecules, with key genes such as <i>HLA-DRA</i>, <i>CSMD1</i>, and <i>CLEC2D</i>. These findings highlight ASP as a functional feed additive for improving immunity and health in <i>M. mutica</i> aquaculture.</p>

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Effects of Angelica sinensis polysaccharides on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal microbiota, and liver transcriptome in Mauremys mutica

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月19日

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  • Zike Yan,
  • Jingu Shi,
  • Kaijie Lin,
  • Yuhan Li,
  • Yutian Zhan,
  • Mingzuo Gao,
  • Hongyao Zhang,
  • Shuyu Han,
  • Jingzhen Liang

摘要

The yellow pond turtle (Mauremys mutica), an important freshwater species in Chinese aquaculture, faces increasing threats from bacterial diseases such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, necessitating safe immunostimulatory strategies. Angelica sinensis polysaccharides (ASP), with immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and metabolic regulatory properties, are a promising feed additive. This study evaluated dietary ASP effects on growth, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal microbiota, and liver transcriptome in M. mutica. A total of 540 turtles (150.42 ± 5.61 g) were randomly assigned to a control group (fed with basal diet, denoted as A0) and five experimental groups supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.40%, and 0.80% ASP (A5, A10, A20, A40, and A80) for 65 days. ASP significantly reduced hepatosomatic index (HSI) (P = 0.001) and enhanced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) (P = 0.049), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (P = 0.003), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) (P = 0.026); lowered malondialdehyde (MDA) (P = 0.002); decreased serum total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.009) and triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.006); and elevated serum immune Markers, including complement component 4 (C4) (P < 0.001), acid phosphatase (ACP) (P = 0.011), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) (P < 0.001), and lysozyme (LZM) (P < 0.001). Regression analysis indicated an optimal supplementation of 0.17–0.28%. Following K. pneumoniae challenge, A20 showed the highest survival rate (73.33%) and relative percent survival (50.00%) (P = 0.002). ASP also increased beneficial intestinal taxa (Lachnospira, Muribaculaceae_unclassified, Anaerovibrio) and activated immune-related liver pathways, including hematopoietic cell lineage, pattern recognition receptors, and cell adhesion molecules, with key genes such as HLA-DRA, CSMD1, and CLEC2D. These findings highlight ASP as a functional feed additive for improving immunity and health in M. mutica aquaculture.