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<p>As a major economic species in China, the sea cucumber (<i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>) has been facing the severe problem of low productivity in aquaculture. Aquaculture techniques greatly depend on the understanding on animal behavior. Thus, the present&#xa0;study aimed to examine the movement patterns and foraging behavior of <i>A. japonicus</i> across diverse substrates and shelter angles. In general, we found that the movement patterns of <i>A. japonicus</i> were obviously different on different substrates and angles of reefs. Significant differences were observed in the movement speed of <i>A. japonicus</i> across different substrates (flat, fold, and silt), with the fastest movement speeds recorded on the silt substrate. The head of the sea cucumber moved significantly faster than the tail and the whole body on the flat and fold substrates, but not on the silt substrate. Notably, <i>A. japonicus</i> exhibited the most significantly reduced foraging time on the fold substrate. In addition, sea cucumbers moved significantly faster on 30° reef than on 60° and 90° reefs. Therefore, we suggest aqua-farmers increase the fold substrate, and clean up the aquaculture environment in time in sea cucumber aquaculture. We also suggest increase the proportion of 30° reefs placed in pond culture to increase the efficiency of sea cucumber aquaculture.</p>

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Movement patterns of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus on different substrates and reef angles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月5日

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  • Xiang Li,
  • Sihan Wang,
  • Yingzhuo Sun,
  • Zihe Zhao,
  • Hong Zhang,
  • Dongkui Gao,
  • Chong Zhao

摘要

As a major economic species in China, the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) has been facing the severe problem of low productivity in aquaculture. Aquaculture techniques greatly depend on the understanding on animal behavior. Thus, the present study aimed to examine the movement patterns and foraging behavior of A. japonicus across diverse substrates and shelter angles. In general, we found that the movement patterns of A. japonicus were obviously different on different substrates and angles of reefs. Significant differences were observed in the movement speed of A. japonicus across different substrates (flat, fold, and silt), with the fastest movement speeds recorded on the silt substrate. The head of the sea cucumber moved significantly faster than the tail and the whole body on the flat and fold substrates, but not on the silt substrate. Notably, A. japonicus exhibited the most significantly reduced foraging time on the fold substrate. In addition, sea cucumbers moved significantly faster on 30° reef than on 60° and 90° reefs. Therefore, we suggest aqua-farmers increase the fold substrate, and clean up the aquaculture environment in time in sea cucumber aquaculture. We also suggest increase the proportion of 30° reefs placed in pond culture to increase the efficiency of sea cucumber aquaculture.