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<p>Keep-live transport induces stress in fish that can be mitigated by natural anesthetics. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cold plasma combined with different concentrations of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> essential oil (LOEO) on oxidative stress, tissue damage, apoptosis, and flavor in live-transported hybrid grouper (<i>Epinephelus fuscoguttatus</i>♀ × <i>Epinephelus lanceolatus</i>♂). Compared to cold plasma combined with 0&#xa0;mg/L or 20&#xa0;mg/L LOEO, cold plasma combined with 10&#xa0;mg/L LOEO addition greatly improved the survival rate, enhanced the enzyme activities of Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), upregulated <i>sod</i> and <i>cat</i> gene expression, and activated the <i>nrf2</i>-<i>keap1</i> pathway (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). It reduced the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen in the water, the depletion rate of dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidative markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, liver injury markers including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities, detoxification enzyme activity of glutathione transferase (GST), the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), L-lactic acid (LAC), and the stress substance serum cortisol (COR) and downregulated the apoptosis genes (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase8) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Besides, it caused fewer alterations to fish flesh volatile compounds than other treatments. The results revealed that cold plasma combined with the 10&#xa0;mg/L LOEO addition in water improved the water quality, facilitated the survival of hybrid grouper, alleviated the adverse effects of the keep-live transport environment, and caused less alteration in fish flesh volatile substances compared to other treatments, remaining closer to pre-transport levels.</p> Graphical abstract <p>The 72- h keep-live transport for hybrid grouper&#xa0;and mechanisms of <i>Laurus nobilis</i> essential oil effects on oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. Figures were created using BioRender.com.</p> <p></p>

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Combined effects of cold plasma and Laurus nobilis essential oil on stress and flavor in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂) during live transport

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月30日

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  • Ming Yuan,
  • Hao Yang,
  • Jun Mei,
  • Jing Xie

摘要

Keep-live transport induces stress in fish that can be mitigated by natural anesthetics. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cold plasma combined with different concentrations of Laurus nobilis essential oil (LOEO) on oxidative stress, tissue damage, apoptosis, and flavor in live-transported hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus♂). Compared to cold plasma combined with 0 mg/L or 20 mg/L LOEO, cold plasma combined with 10 mg/L LOEO addition greatly improved the survival rate, enhanced the enzyme activities of Na+/K+-ATPase, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), upregulated sod and cat gene expression, and activated the nrf2-keap1 pathway (p < 0.05). It reduced the concentration of total ammonia nitrogen in the water, the depletion rate of dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidative markers malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, liver injury markers including alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) enzyme activities, detoxification enzyme activity of glutathione transferase (GST), the contents of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), L-lactic acid (LAC), and the stress substance serum cortisol (COR) and downregulated the apoptosis genes (Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase8) (p < 0.05). Besides, it caused fewer alterations to fish flesh volatile compounds than other treatments. The results revealed that cold plasma combined with the 10 mg/L LOEO addition in water improved the water quality, facilitated the survival of hybrid grouper, alleviated the adverse effects of the keep-live transport environment, and caused less alteration in fish flesh volatile substances compared to other treatments, remaining closer to pre-transport levels.

Graphical abstract

The 72- h keep-live transport for hybrid grouper and mechanisms of Laurus nobilis essential oil effects on oxidative stress and apoptosis pathways. Figures were created using BioRender.com.