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<p><i>Artemia</i> (<i>Artemia franciscana</i>) at the umbrella stage was evaluated for the first time as a feed for newly hatched striped catfish (<i>Pangasianodon hypophthalmus</i>) larvae to enhance growth and survival during the early rearing period. This study also aimed to assess the potential of replacing rotifers—whose culture is more complex—with umbrella-stage <i>Artemia</i>, thereby simplifying larval rearing protocols for <i>P. hypophthalmus</i>. Larvae (initial length: 0.40 ± 0.07&#xa0;cm; weight: 0.33 ± 0.04&#xa0;mg) were stocked at a density of 10 individuals/L in 100-L composite tanks and subjected to five different feeding regimes: (i) rotifers (<i>Brachionus plicatilis</i>) for the first 3&#xa0;days followed by water fleas (<i>Moina</i> sp.) for the remaining 18&#xa0;days (Control, T1); (ii) <i>Artemia</i> nauplii (instar I) for 3&#xa0;days followed by water fleas for 18&#xa0;days (T2); (iii) <i>Artemia</i> at the umbrella stage for 3&#xa0;days followed by nauplii for 18&#xa0;days (T3); (iv) umbrella-stage <i>Artemia</i> for the entire 21-day period (T4); and (v) <i>Artemia</i> nauplii for 21&#xa0;days (T5). Growth (length and weight) was monitored every 3&#xa0;days, and survival was assessed at the end of the experiment. Gut content observations revealed that fish larvae were capable of ingesting both umbrella-stage and naupliar <i>Artemia</i> as early as day 3, with whole or partially digested <i>Artemia</i> visible in the digestive tract. Larvae fed exclusively on <i>Artemia</i> (T3, T4, T5) exhibited significantly higher growth (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) compared to other treatments, with the highest values observed in T4 (umbrella-stage <i>Artemia</i> for 21&#xa0;days). However, survival was significantly higher in T3 (40.7 ± 1.5%) and T5 (37.4 ± 5.8%), where fish were fed umbrella-stage <i>Artemia</i> for 3&#xa0;days followed by nauplii or nauplii alone, compared to T1 (25.4 ± 5.6%) and T4 (25.5 ± 5.8%). These results demonstrate that the use of <i>Artemia</i>, particularly in a combined regimen of umbrella-stage followed by nauplii, can significantly improve survival rates of striped catfish larvae. While growth is maximized when larvae are fed exclusively on the umbrella stage, this approach may compromise survival.</p>

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Improvement of growth and survival of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) larvae by feeding with the umbrella stage of Artemia franciscana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • Ut Vu Ngoc,
  • Toi Huynh Thanh,
  • Vinh Huynh Phuoc,
  • Patrick Sorgeloos

摘要

Artemia (Artemia franciscana) at the umbrella stage was evaluated for the first time as a feed for newly hatched striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) larvae to enhance growth and survival during the early rearing period. This study also aimed to assess the potential of replacing rotifers—whose culture is more complex—with umbrella-stage Artemia, thereby simplifying larval rearing protocols for P. hypophthalmus. Larvae (initial length: 0.40 ± 0.07 cm; weight: 0.33 ± 0.04 mg) were stocked at a density of 10 individuals/L in 100-L composite tanks and subjected to five different feeding regimes: (i) rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis) for the first 3 days followed by water fleas (Moina sp.) for the remaining 18 days (Control, T1); (ii) Artemia nauplii (instar I) for 3 days followed by water fleas for 18 days (T2); (iii) Artemia at the umbrella stage for 3 days followed by nauplii for 18 days (T3); (iv) umbrella-stage Artemia for the entire 21-day period (T4); and (v) Artemia nauplii for 21 days (T5). Growth (length and weight) was monitored every 3 days, and survival was assessed at the end of the experiment. Gut content observations revealed that fish larvae were capable of ingesting both umbrella-stage and naupliar Artemia as early as day 3, with whole or partially digested Artemia visible in the digestive tract. Larvae fed exclusively on Artemia (T3, T4, T5) exhibited significantly higher growth (P < 0.05) compared to other treatments, with the highest values observed in T4 (umbrella-stage Artemia for 21 days). However, survival was significantly higher in T3 (40.7 ± 1.5%) and T5 (37.4 ± 5.8%), where fish were fed umbrella-stage Artemia for 3 days followed by nauplii or nauplii alone, compared to T1 (25.4 ± 5.6%) and T4 (25.5 ± 5.8%). These results demonstrate that the use of Artemia, particularly in a combined regimen of umbrella-stage followed by nauplii, can significantly improve survival rates of striped catfish larvae. While growth is maximized when larvae are fed exclusively on the umbrella stage, this approach may compromise survival.