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<p>The increasing summer marketability of <i>Crassostrea nippona</i> has attracted growing commercial interest among oyster farmers. However, the rapid development of its aquaculture has been constrained by limited knowledge of its adaptive responses to environmental conditions. To elucidate the underlying adaptation mechanisms, adult <i>C. nippona</i> were exposed to a range of temperatures (15–35 °C) and salinities (16–40 psu) and assessed for daily growth rate (DGR), survival rate (SR), as well as physiological and immunological responses. The results showed that <i>C. nippona</i> exhibited high DGR and SR at 23–31 °C and 24–36 psu after 20 days, accompanied by elevated metabolic activity and robust immune responses. Although SR remained above 85% at lower temperatures (15–19 °C), physiological activities and DGR were significantly reduced, suggesting a conservative energy-saving strategy to support long-term survival under cold conditions. In contrast, exposure to extreme heat (35 °C) and salinity stress (16, 20, and 40 psu) led to impaired antioxidant and immune functions, reduced growth, and decreased survival, indicating that such conditions may exceed the species’ tolerance limits and are unsuitable for sustained farming. Under optimal conditions (23–31 °C; 24–36 psu), <i>C. nippona</i> may allocate more energy toward growth due to reduced metabolic demand for environmental stress resistance. These findings advance our understanding of the species’ environmental adaptability and offer critical insights for optimizing large-scale commercial cultivation.</p>

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Effects of temperature and salinity on growth, survival, physiological, and immunological responses of adult Iwagaki oyster (Crassostrea nippona)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月10日

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  • Yiming Hu,
  • Chengxun Xu,
  • Qi Li

摘要

The increasing summer marketability of Crassostrea nippona has attracted growing commercial interest among oyster farmers. However, the rapid development of its aquaculture has been constrained by limited knowledge of its adaptive responses to environmental conditions. To elucidate the underlying adaptation mechanisms, adult C. nippona were exposed to a range of temperatures (15–35 °C) and salinities (16–40 psu) and assessed for daily growth rate (DGR), survival rate (SR), as well as physiological and immunological responses. The results showed that C. nippona exhibited high DGR and SR at 23–31 °C and 24–36 psu after 20 days, accompanied by elevated metabolic activity and robust immune responses. Although SR remained above 85% at lower temperatures (15–19 °C), physiological activities and DGR were significantly reduced, suggesting a conservative energy-saving strategy to support long-term survival under cold conditions. In contrast, exposure to extreme heat (35 °C) and salinity stress (16, 20, and 40 psu) led to impaired antioxidant and immune functions, reduced growth, and decreased survival, indicating that such conditions may exceed the species’ tolerance limits and are unsuitable for sustained farming. Under optimal conditions (23–31 °C; 24–36 psu), C. nippona may allocate more energy toward growth due to reduced metabolic demand for environmental stress resistance. These findings advance our understanding of the species’ environmental adaptability and offer critical insights for optimizing large-scale commercial cultivation.