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<p>This study examined the effects of Xiaochengqitang Formulae (XCQT) at varying concentrations (0&#xa0;g/kg for the control group, 5&#xa0;g/kg for XC1, 10&#xa0;g/kg for XC2, and 15&#xa0;g/kg for XC3) on growth, digestive enzyme activity, immune function, intestinal microbiota, immune function gene expression, and disease resistance of <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i> (<i>A. japonicus</i>) over a 50-day feeding trial. Results showed that XCQT significantly improved the growth of <i>A. japonicus</i>, with the XC2 group exhibiting the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR). Digestive enzyme activities, including amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS), and pepsin (PEP), were significantly higher in the XC1 and XC2 groups. Immune function in <i>A. japonicus</i> was enhanced, with increased total coelomocyte count (TCC), phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst capacity in the XC2 and XC3 groups. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS), lysozyme (LYS), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) were significantly elevated in the XC2 group. XCQT improved the Chao1 and ACE indices of the intestinal microbiota, increasing the abundance of <i>Verrucomicrobiota</i> and <i>Bacteroidota</i>, and reduced growth of potential pathogens like <i>Proteobacteria</i>. Additionally, XCQT also upregulated immune function genes (<i>P105</i>, <i>P50</i>, <i>Rel</i>, <i>Lys</i>) and improved disease resistance, as evidenced by a higher survival rate against <i>Vibrio splendidus</i> (<i>V. splendidus</i>) in the XC2 group. In conclusion, XCQT serves as an effective alternative to antibiotics, improving the growth, digestive enzyme activity, immune function, intestinal microbiota diversity, and disease resistance of <i>A. japonicus</i>, with the optimal supplementation at 10&#xa0;g/kg.</p>

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Effects of Xiaochengqitang formulae on growth, immune function, intestinal microbiota, and resistance to Vibrio splendidus in Apostichopus japonicus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月30日

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  • Jiadong Guo,
  • Yuntian Zhang,
  • Yi Chen,
  • Rongwei Zhang,
  • Yuzhe Han,
  • Xiaoran Zhao,
  • Tongjun Ren

摘要

This study examined the effects of Xiaochengqitang Formulae (XCQT) at varying concentrations (0 g/kg for the control group, 5 g/kg for XC1, 10 g/kg for XC2, and 15 g/kg for XC3) on growth, digestive enzyme activity, immune function, intestinal microbiota, immune function gene expression, and disease resistance of Apostichopus japonicus (A. japonicus) over a 50-day feeding trial. Results showed that XCQT significantly improved the growth of A. japonicus, with the XC2 group exhibiting the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain rate (WGR), and specific growth rate (SGR). Digestive enzyme activities, including amylase (AMS), lipase (LPS), and pepsin (PEP), were significantly higher in the XC1 and XC2 groups. Immune function in A. japonicus was enhanced, with increased total coelomocyte count (TCC), phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst capacity in the XC2 and XC3 groups. Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total nitric oxide synthase (T-NOS), lysozyme (LYS), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) were significantly elevated in the XC2 group. XCQT improved the Chao1 and ACE indices of the intestinal microbiota, increasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobiota and Bacteroidota, and reduced growth of potential pathogens like Proteobacteria. Additionally, XCQT also upregulated immune function genes (P105, P50, Rel, Lys) and improved disease resistance, as evidenced by a higher survival rate against Vibrio splendidus (V. splendidus) in the XC2 group. In conclusion, XCQT serves as an effective alternative to antibiotics, improving the growth, digestive enzyme activity, immune function, intestinal microbiota diversity, and disease resistance of A. japonicus, with the optimal supplementation at 10 g/kg.