<p>Light, including light color, intensity, and photoperiod, plays a crucial role in the growth, digestion, reproduction, and survival of hydrobiont. To clarify the effects of light color on the growth, digestion, nonspecific immunity, and ovarian maturation of female <i>Exopalaemon carinicauda</i>, specific physiological characteristics were studied after 42&#xa0;days of different light color treatments (Photoperiod L:D = 12:12). The weight gain rate (WGR), specific growth rate (SGR), and survival rate (SR) of the full spectrum group were significantly higher than those of the other groups. The activities of Chymotrypsin, α-amylase (α-AMS), and lipase (LPS) were the highest in the green, full spectrum, and yellow groups, respectively. The activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were highest in the red group, while the activity of lysozyme (LZM) was significantly higher in the yellow group than in the other groups. The ovarian maturation indexes, such as hepatopancreatic somatic index (HSI) and gonadal somatic index (GSI), as well as ovarian maturation-related substances, such as estradiol (E2), triglyceride (TG), and vitellogenin (Vg), were significantly higher in the full spectrum group, whereas there was no difference in cholesterol (TC) between the groups. The expression of growth-related genes, such as crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), molt-inhibiting hormone (MIH), and gonad-inhibiting hormone (GIH), was highest in the yellow, green, and red groups, respectively. The expression of ovarian maturation-related genes, such as vasa and Vg, was significantly greater in the full spectrum group than in the other groups. The results indicated that growth and ovarian maturation were optimal in a full spectrum environment, while digestion and nonspecific immunity improved under green and red light, respectively.</p>