Assessment of mycotoxins found in farmed fish feed

Filamentous fungi, mainly those belonging to genera Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium, the main producers of mycotoxins and responsible for food and feed contamination, exhibit metabolites that are highly toxic to animals and humans. This scoping review compiles data on occurrence of mycotoxins in fish feed, assesses distribution of metabolites across continents by the hierarchical cluster analysis, and establishes risks posed to the main global orders of farmed fish by exposure to mycotoxins. Resulting data showed that fish of different orders in both fingerling and juvenile phases are exposed to high concentrations of mycotoxins.