Using remotely sensed data in Google Earth Engine to investigate water surface temperature at shrimp farms in the climate change context: a case study at Mong Cai City, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam

Global warming and extreme weather events (e.g., heat waves and droughts) have caused widespread adverse impacts across regions and sectors, including shrimp farming. However, the availability of in situ water temperature data typically only represents a small portion of shrimp farms’ thermal profiles, and this often leads to limitations in investigating the impacts of global warming and climate change on shrimp farming. For this aim, satellite-derived water surface temperature (WST) at shrimp farms in Mong Cai City, Quang Ninh Province, Vietnam, was investigated by using Landsat data in the Google Earth Engine. Results showed that satellite-derived WST at shrimp farms in Mong Cai City ranged from 11.5 °C to 37.6 °C in 2000–2003, mainly concentrated at 15–35 °C (around 95% retrieved WST from Landsat data). There was a seasonal variation of WST at shrimp farms, with monthly mean WST ranged from 18.4 °C (January) to 29.9 °C (July). The mean annual WST at shrimp farms in Mong Cai City showed an increasing trend from 2000 to 2022. A remarkable warming trend of WST was detected during the shrimp-growing season (from April to October), and this may lead to a high risk for shrimp health. The findings of this study indicated that greater awareness of water temperature monitoring at shrimp farms is required if this activity is to be sustainable in the climate change context.