Effects of low-temperature stress on serum biochemical indicators, intestinal microbiome, and transcriptome of juvenile golden pompano (Trachinotus ovatus)

Low temperatures pose a critical challenge to aquaculture operations, as they can significantly affect fish health and overall productivity. The study investigated the impact of low-temperature stress on juvenile golden pompano, focusing on serum indicators, intestinal microbiome, and intestinal transcriptome. With 180 fish divided into low-temperature (18 ± 0.5) ℃ and control (28 ± 0.5) ℃ groups, the gradual temperature decrease mimicked natural seasonal changes. Each group had 3 replicates, with 30 fish per replicate. Results indicated significant effects on serum indicators, including enzyme activity and ion concentrations. While intestinal flora richness was not drastically affected, the dominant flora composition changed. Transcriptome analysis revealed 1752 differentially expressed genes, with enrichment in pathways related to circadian rhythm, proteasome, metabolism, and signaling pathways. This research enhances understanding of cold stress responses in juvenile golden pompano, offering insights for tailored aquaculture management to promote robust and stress-resistant fish stocks. The findings contribute to sustainable aquaculture practices and lay the groundwork for future studies on temperature stress and fish health.