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<p>This study presents a robust multi-objective optimization framework for Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engines using a ternary blend of Ulva fasciata macroalga biodiesel and isobutanol. Employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) integrated with Design of Experiments (DoE), the framework elucidates the nonlinear, coupled effects of isobutanol fraction, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) rates, and engine load on dual-fuel reactivity. Predictive models were rigorously validated via Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), enabling high-fidelity mapping of the engine’s operational envelope and thermodynamic behaviors. Optimized conditions (10–30%) isobutanol fraction, 5% EGR, and 12&#xa0;kg load yielded a Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of 31.1% (7.3% improvement over baseline diesel) and a 33% reduction in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). Emissions analysis revealed a 35.2% drop in <i>NOx</i>, driven by EGR’s thermal dilution and heat capacity effects, despite marginal increases in unburned Hydrocarbons 1.9% and Carbon Monoxide 2.3% from low-temperature combustion. These results highlight the potential of Ulva fasciata biodiesel-isobutanol blends for efficient, low-emission RCCI operation, advancing sustainable engine technologies.</p>

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Statistical Analysis and RSM Optimization of Combustion and Emission Characteristics in an RCCI Engine Fueled with Macroalgal Biodiesel and Iso-butanol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月30日

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  • Ajmeera Naresh,
  • Ravi Kumar Puli

摘要

This study presents a robust multi-objective optimization framework for Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) engines using a ternary blend of Ulva fasciata macroalga biodiesel and isobutanol. Employing Response Surface Methodology (RSM) integrated with Design of Experiments (DoE), the framework elucidates the nonlinear, coupled effects of isobutanol fraction, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) rates, and engine load on dual-fuel reactivity. Predictive models were rigorously validated via Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), enabling high-fidelity mapping of the engine’s operational envelope and thermodynamic behaviors. Optimized conditions (10–30%) isobutanol fraction, 5% EGR, and 12 kg load yielded a Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE) of 31.1% (7.3% improvement over baseline diesel) and a 33% reduction in Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC). Emissions analysis revealed a 35.2% drop in NOx, driven by EGR’s thermal dilution and heat capacity effects, despite marginal increases in unburned Hydrocarbons 1.9% and Carbon Monoxide 2.3% from low-temperature combustion. These results highlight the potential of Ulva fasciata biodiesel-isobutanol blends for efficient, low-emission RCCI operation, advancing sustainable engine technologies.