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<p><i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> poses severe global veterinary and public health threats. Its obligate nutritional symbiont, <i>Coxiella</i> R1 (CLE), critically influences reproduction and development. Understanding the interplay between tick genetic diversity and CLE abundance is essential for developing symbiont-targeted control strategies. <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i> ticks were collected from 11 locations across nine Chinese provinces. Population genetic diversity and structure were analyzed based on simple sequence repeat (SSR). <i>Coxiella</i> R1 relative abundance in individual ticks was quantified via qPCR. Extensive genetic diversity was detected across Chinese <i>H. longicornis</i> populations using three validated polymorphic SSR markers: mean Ad = 5.667, GD = 0.7052, and PIC = 0.6646. Population structure analysis (K = 2) revealed two distinct genetic clusters. Ticks from Shanghai (Chongming Island) and Jiangsu (Xuzhou City) formed a genetically distinct group, significantly separated in PCoA from populations in Liaoning, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang. Phylogenetic analysis supported this clustering but indicated limited geographic structuring overall. Crucially, <i>Coxiella</i> R1 was ubiquitous in all populations, but its abundance varied significantly between regions (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn’s). CLE levels were highest in Liaoning and Shanghai ticks and significantly lower in those from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Despite the shared genetic ancestry of Shanghai and Jiangsu ticks, their CLE burdens were markedly different. This study demonstrates substantial genetic diversity within Chinese <i>H. longicornis</i> populations and defines a distinct genetic cluster including ticks from Jiangsu and Shanghai. This variation in CLE burden showed no association with the identified tick population genetic structure or geographic distance.</p>

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Genetic diversity of Haemaphysalis longicornis populations in China and their symbiotic association with Coxiella R1 strain

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Weiqing Zheng,
  • Junhua Tian,
  • Hongxia Liu,
  • Haijun Hu,
  • Hongna Chen,
  • Lihua Ma,
  • Yinuo Yan,
  • Jintong Fu,
  • Jinzhi Huang,
  • Yongwei Wen,
  • Siyu Fang,
  • Qianfeng Xia

摘要

Haemaphysalis longicornis poses severe global veterinary and public health threats. Its obligate nutritional symbiont, Coxiella R1 (CLE), critically influences reproduction and development. Understanding the interplay between tick genetic diversity and CLE abundance is essential for developing symbiont-targeted control strategies. Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks were collected from 11 locations across nine Chinese provinces. Population genetic diversity and structure were analyzed based on simple sequence repeat (SSR). Coxiella R1 relative abundance in individual ticks was quantified via qPCR. Extensive genetic diversity was detected across Chinese H. longicornis populations using three validated polymorphic SSR markers: mean Ad = 5.667, GD = 0.7052, and PIC = 0.6646. Population structure analysis (K = 2) revealed two distinct genetic clusters. Ticks from Shanghai (Chongming Island) and Jiangsu (Xuzhou City) formed a genetically distinct group, significantly separated in PCoA from populations in Liaoning, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi, Anhui, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang. Phylogenetic analysis supported this clustering but indicated limited geographic structuring overall. Crucially, Coxiella R1 was ubiquitous in all populations, but its abundance varied significantly between regions (P < 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn’s). CLE levels were highest in Liaoning and Shanghai ticks and significantly lower in those from Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces. Despite the shared genetic ancestry of Shanghai and Jiangsu ticks, their CLE burdens were markedly different. This study demonstrates substantial genetic diversity within Chinese H. longicornis populations and defines a distinct genetic cluster including ticks from Jiangsu and Shanghai. This variation in CLE burden showed no association with the identified tick population genetic structure or geographic distance.