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<p>The two-spotted spider mite, <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch, is a significant pest in strawberry cultivation worldwide, causing substantial crop damage and economic losses. Biological control using predatory mites such as <i>Amblyseius swirskii</i> Athias-Henriot and <i>Neoseiulus californicus</i> (McGregor) is an essential component of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. However, the efficacy of these natural enemies can be negatively affected by acaricide applications. This study assessed the sublethal effects of two acaricides; bromopropylate, a synthetic agent, and GC-Mite, a botanical formulation, on the life history and population growth parameters of <i>A. swirskii</i> and <i>N. californicus</i> feeding on <i>T. urticae</i> in strawberry crops. Acute toxicity assays demonstrated that both predatory mites exhibited significantly lower susceptibility to these acaricides than <i>T. urticae</i>, with <i>A. swirskii</i> showing the greatest resistance. Perinatal exposure to <i>LC</i><sub><i>25</i></sub> residue of bromopropylate and GC-Mite prolonged immature development, reduced adult longevity, and decreased fecundity in both predatory mite species. <i>N. californicus</i> experienced more pronounced negative effects, including marked declines in survival rates and reproductive output, whereas <i>A. swirskii</i> displayed greater resilience and more stable reproductive potential. Population growth parameters, such as the intrinsic rate of increase (<i>r</i>) and net reproductive rate (<i>R</i><sub><i>0</i></sub>), declined significantly under acaricide treatments, with bromopropylate producing stronger adverse effects than GC-Mite. These results emphasize the relative compatibility of GC-Mite within IPM programs due to its lower toxicity to beneficial predatory mites. Careful selection and application of acaricides that minimize harm to natural enemies are crucial for sustainable management of <i>T. urticae</i> in strawberry cultivation.</p>

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Sublethal effects of bromopropylate and GC-Mite on the life history of the predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii and Neoseiulus californicus feeding on spider mites on strawberry

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Ali Ahmadi,
  • Abbas Ali Zamani,
  • Katayoon Kheradmand,
  • Maryam Darbemamieh,
  • Peter Schausberger

摘要

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a significant pest in strawberry cultivation worldwide, causing substantial crop damage and economic losses. Biological control using predatory mites such as Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot and Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) is an essential component of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. However, the efficacy of these natural enemies can be negatively affected by acaricide applications. This study assessed the sublethal effects of two acaricides; bromopropylate, a synthetic agent, and GC-Mite, a botanical formulation, on the life history and population growth parameters of A. swirskii and N. californicus feeding on T. urticae in strawberry crops. Acute toxicity assays demonstrated that both predatory mites exhibited significantly lower susceptibility to these acaricides than T. urticae, with A. swirskii showing the greatest resistance. Perinatal exposure to LC25 residue of bromopropylate and GC-Mite prolonged immature development, reduced adult longevity, and decreased fecundity in both predatory mite species. N. californicus experienced more pronounced negative effects, including marked declines in survival rates and reproductive output, whereas A. swirskii displayed greater resilience and more stable reproductive potential. Population growth parameters, such as the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and net reproductive rate (R0), declined significantly under acaricide treatments, with bromopropylate producing stronger adverse effects than GC-Mite. These results emphasize the relative compatibility of GC-Mite within IPM programs due to its lower toxicity to beneficial predatory mites. Careful selection and application of acaricides that minimize harm to natural enemies are crucial for sustainable management of T. urticae in strawberry cultivation.