<p>Soybean is an important economic crop, widely used in food, feed and energy fields. <i>Tetranychus turkestani</i> (Ugarov &amp; Nikolskii) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the major pests of soybean in Xinjiang, seriously affecting the yield and quality of soybean. To clarify the adaptability of <i>T. turkestani</i> to soybean varieties and provide information for further research and control, this experiment adopted the age-stage, two-sex life table method under indoor constant temperature conditions to analyze the growth, development, and fecundity of <i>T. turkestani</i> on 6 high-yield and main cultivated soybean varieties in Xinjiang (Xindadou 23, Xindadou 8, Xindadou 26, Longken 324, Xinzhendou 1, and Xindadou 25). In general, the generation duration of <i>T. turkestani</i> was the longest on Longken 324 (8.476 ± 0.084 days), and the oviposition period was the longest on Xindadou 25 (20.848 ± 1.034 days). In addition, the fecundity per female (184.745 ± 7.401 eggs) and intrinsic rate of increase (0.370 ± 0.009 days^− 1) on Xindadou 8 were significantly higher than those on other varieties; the intrinsic rates of increase on Xindadou 25 (0.316 days^− 1) and Longken 324 (0.323 days^− 1) were the lowest. Therefore, <i>T. turkestani</i> has the lowest adaptability to Xindadou 25 and Longken 324. It has the highest adaptability to Xinzhendou 1, Xindadou 8 and 23. In years when the occurrence of <i>T. turkestani</i> is predicted to be severe, the planting of these varieties should be reduced to minimize the adverse effects of <i>T. turkestani</i> on soybean yield and quality.</p>