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<p><i>Hyalomma dromedarii</i> (<i>H. dromedarii</i>) is a major ectoparasite of camels in arid regions such as Egypt, where it causes significant economic losses and transmits several zoonotic pathogens. This study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of a novel, locally prepared <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharides nanoemulsified formulation (APS-NE) against various developmental stages of <i>H. dromedarii</i> infesting camels. APS-NE was prepared using ultrasonic emulsification and characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and GC–MS, revealing uniform nanoparticle size (30–53&#xa0;nm), good water solubility, and bioactive constituents including palmitic acid and quercetin derivatives. The formulation exhibited strong biological activity with very low toxicity and a wide safety margin in mice. In vitro bioassays showed a clear concentration-dependent acaricidal effect following short immersion periods: at 2% APS-NE, mortality reached 100% for eggs, larvae, nymphs, and unfed adults. Mortality rates at lower concentrations (0.5–1.5%) ranged from 63.6% to 94.6% in eggs, 33.6% to 84.3% in larvae, 53.3% to 93.6% in nymphs, and 31% to 87% in unfed adults, with larvae being the most susceptible stage. APS-NE also significantly impaired reproductive parameters in engorged females, including reductions in egg production index, egg mass, and hatchability compared to the reference drug. Strong positive correlations were observed between APS-NE concentration and tick mortality, with negative correlations for reproductive metrics. These results highlight APS-NE as a safe, eco-friendly alternative to conventional acaricides for effective <i>H. dromedarii</i> control, supporting integrated tick management strategies.</p>

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Acaricidal activity of Astragalus polysaccharides nanoemulsion against camel tick, Hyalomma dromedarii

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月2日

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  • Shimaa Abdel-Radi,
  • Mai A. Salem,
  • Fady Sayed Youssef,
  • Mohamed S. Kamel,
  • Mohamed M. El-Bahy,
  • Reem M. Ramadan

摘要

Hyalomma dromedarii (H. dromedarii) is a major ectoparasite of camels in arid regions such as Egypt, where it causes significant economic losses and transmits several zoonotic pathogens. This study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of a novel, locally prepared Astragalus polysaccharides nanoemulsified formulation (APS-NE) against various developmental stages of H. dromedarii infesting camels. APS-NE was prepared using ultrasonic emulsification and characterized by dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and GC–MS, revealing uniform nanoparticle size (30–53 nm), good water solubility, and bioactive constituents including palmitic acid and quercetin derivatives. The formulation exhibited strong biological activity with very low toxicity and a wide safety margin in mice. In vitro bioassays showed a clear concentration-dependent acaricidal effect following short immersion periods: at 2% APS-NE, mortality reached 100% for eggs, larvae, nymphs, and unfed adults. Mortality rates at lower concentrations (0.5–1.5%) ranged from 63.6% to 94.6% in eggs, 33.6% to 84.3% in larvae, 53.3% to 93.6% in nymphs, and 31% to 87% in unfed adults, with larvae being the most susceptible stage. APS-NE also significantly impaired reproductive parameters in engorged females, including reductions in egg production index, egg mass, and hatchability compared to the reference drug. Strong positive correlations were observed between APS-NE concentration and tick mortality, with negative correlations for reproductive metrics. These results highlight APS-NE as a safe, eco-friendly alternative to conventional acaricides for effective H. dromedarii control, supporting integrated tick management strategies.