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<p>This paper introduces VAEneu, a novel autoregressive method for multistep ahead univariate probabilistic time series forecasting, designed to address the challenges of generating sharp and well-calibrated probabilistic forecasts without assuming a specific parametric form for the predictive distribution. VAEneu leverages the Conditional VAE framework and optimizes the likelihood of the predictive distribution using the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), a strictly proper scoring rule, as the loss function. This approach enables the model to learn flexible, sharp, and well-calibrated predictive distributions without the need for a tractable likelihood function. In a comprehensive empirical study, VAEneu is rigorously benchmarked against 12 baseline models across 12 datasets, demonstrating superior performance in both forecasting accuracy and uncertainty quantification. VAEneu provides a valuable tool for quantifying future uncertainties, and our extensive empirical study lays the foundation for future comparative studies for univariate multistep ahead probabilistic forecasting.</p>

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VAEneu: a new avenue for VAE application on probabilistic forecasting

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月27日

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  • Alireza Koochali,
  • Ensiye Tahaei,
  • Andreas Dengel,
  • Sheraz Ahmed

摘要

This paper introduces VAEneu, a novel autoregressive method for multistep ahead univariate probabilistic time series forecasting, designed to address the challenges of generating sharp and well-calibrated probabilistic forecasts without assuming a specific parametric form for the predictive distribution. VAEneu leverages the Conditional VAE framework and optimizes the likelihood of the predictive distribution using the Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), a strictly proper scoring rule, as the loss function. This approach enables the model to learn flexible, sharp, and well-calibrated predictive distributions without the need for a tractable likelihood function. In a comprehensive empirical study, VAEneu is rigorously benchmarked against 12 baseline models across 12 datasets, demonstrating superior performance in both forecasting accuracy and uncertainty quantification. VAEneu provides a valuable tool for quantifying future uncertainties, and our extensive empirical study lays the foundation for future comparative studies for univariate multistep ahead probabilistic forecasting.