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<p>The flow of a tetra-hybrid Casson nanofluid (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CuO-TiO<sub>2</sub>-Ag/H<sub>2</sub>O) over a nonlinear stretching sheet is investigated. The Buongiorno model is used to account for thermophoresis and Brownian motion, while thermal radiation is incorporated to examine its influence on the thermal boundary layer. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with fully non-dimensional similarity transformations involving all independent variables. To solve the obtained highly nonlinear system of differential equations, a novel Clique polynomial collocation method is applied. The analysis focuses on the effects of the Casson parameter, power index, radiation parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameter, and Lewis number. The key findings show that thermal radiation intensifies the thermal boundary layer, the Casson parameter reduces the velocity, and the Lewis number suppresses the concentration with direct relevance to polymer processing, coating flows, electronic cooling, and biomedical applications.</p>

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Similarity transformation-based modeling of the thermally-radiative tetra-hybrid Casson nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet using the Clique polynomial collocation method

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月2日

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  • U. L. Manikanta,
  • K. J. Gowtham,
  • B. J. Gireesha,
  • P. Venkatesh

摘要

The flow of a tetra-hybrid Casson nanofluid (Al2O3-CuO-TiO2-Ag/H2O) over a nonlinear stretching sheet is investigated. The Buongiorno model is used to account for thermophoresis and Brownian motion, while thermal radiation is incorporated to examine its influence on the thermal boundary layer. The governing partial differential equations (PDEs) are reduced to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with fully non-dimensional similarity transformations involving all independent variables. To solve the obtained highly nonlinear system of differential equations, a novel Clique polynomial collocation method is applied. The analysis focuses on the effects of the Casson parameter, power index, radiation parameter, thermophoresis parameter, Brownian motion parameter, and Lewis number. The key findings show that thermal radiation intensifies the thermal boundary layer, the Casson parameter reduces the velocity, and the Lewis number suppresses the concentration with direct relevance to polymer processing, coating flows, electronic cooling, and biomedical applications.