<p>The healthy maturation of infants is significantly supported by human milk, a need that is critically heightened for preterm newborns and infants whose mothers experience challenges in providing an adequate supply. Given its vital necessity and rarity, effective planning for the equitable production and distribution of human milk is essential. Efficient supply and demand management in the human milk supply chain (HMSC) is necessary to mitigate wastage and shortages, especially in the face of unpredictable supply and uncertain demand. To address these challenges, this paper develops a novel two-phase approach for the optimal production and equitable distribution of human milk to neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). In the first phase, known as the proactive phase, recipes are produced in accordance with the capacities and requirements of the human milk bank (HMB), followed by a fair distribution strategy. In the second phase, known as the reactive phase, a coordinated approach is employed, utilizing a clustering strategy among NICUs, grouped with reactive lateral transshipment (RLT), to prevent shortages and wastage. To handle supply and demand uncertainties, an augmented version of the possibilistic programming approach utilizing LR fuzzy numbers is integrated into the framework. Application of the proposed model to a case study in Tehran province underscores its value, achieving a marked decrease in system-wide costs while simultaneously reducing levels of unmet demand. Additionally, this approach has effectively improved the balance of production across various types of milk, based on donated deposits.</p>